{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:20:42Z","timestamp":1791490842844,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"C1 Grant","award":["ZKD6430 - C14\/19\/013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZKD6430 - C14\/19\/013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Perspect Psychol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>On the basis of converging research, we concluded that the controversial topic of unconscious blockage of psychological trauma (i.e., repressed memory) remains very much alive in clinical, legal, and academic contexts. In his commentary, Brewin (this issue, p. 443) conducted a cocitation analysis and concluded that scholars do not adhere to the concept of unconscious repression. Furthermore, he argued that previous survey research did not specifically assess unconscious repression. Here, we present critical evidence that runs counter to his claims. First, we inspected his cocitation analysis and found that some scholars support notions that are closely related to unconscious repression. Furthermore, we conducted another analysis on the basis of articles\u2019 similarity. Again, we found examples of scholars specifically endorsing unconscious repressed memories. Second, as opposed to what Brewin reports, recent survey research now exists that bears directly on people\u2019s beliefs regarding unconscious repression. This work reveals that large percentages of people (e.g., students and eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing [EMDR] clinicians) endorse the concept of unconscious repressed memories. The belief in unconscious repressed memory can continue to contribute to harmful consequences in clinical, legal, and academic domains (e.g., false accusations of abuse).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691621990628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T08:08:03Z","timestamp":1615536483000},"page":"454-460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Belief in Unconscious Repressed Memory Persists"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2782-2181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry","family":"Otgaar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Section of Forensic Psychology, Maastricht University"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, City, University of London"},{"name":"Leuvens Institute for Criminology, Faculty of Law, KU Leuven"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark L.","family":"Howe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Section of Forensic Psychology, Maastricht University"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, City, University of London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8855-6860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Dodier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4501-8629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott O.","family":"Lilienfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Emory University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth F.","family":"Loftus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven Jay","family":"Lynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Consciousness, Cognition, and Psychopathology, Binghamton University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5116-7826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harald","family":"Merckelbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Section of Forensic Psychology, Maastricht University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2870-8986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence","family":"Patihis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1745691621990628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr2-1745691621990628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35066572"},{"key":"bibr3-1745691621990628","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Axmacher N., Do Lam A. T., Kessler H., Fell J. (2010). Natural memory beyond the storage model: Repression, trauma, and the construction of a personal past. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 4, Article 211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2010.00211","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2010.00211"},{"key":"bibr4-1745691621990628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691620927674"},{"key":"bibr5-1745691621990628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797614541856"},{"key":"bibr6-1745691621990628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721419898122"},{"key":"bibr7-1745691621990628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000610"},{"key":"bibr8-1745691621990628","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brewin C. R., Li H., McNeilis J., Ntarantana V., Unsworth C. (2020). On repression, and avoiding red herrings. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 149(10), 2001\u20132004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/xge0000973","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000973"},{"key":"bibr9-1745691621990628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03195920"},{"key":"bibr10-1745691621990628","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calado B., Luke T. J., Connolly D. A., Landstr\u00f6m S., Otgaar H. (2020).\n                      Implanting false autobiographical memories for repeated events\n                      . PsyArXiv. https:\/\/psyarxiv.com\/5yw6z","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/5yw6z"},{"key":"bibr11-1745691621990628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2019.1703801"},{"key":"bibr12-1745691621990628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7028.31.4.378"},{"key":"bibr13-1745691621990628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13218719.2018.1506716"},{"key":"bibr14-1745691621990628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0079126"},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr15-1745691621990628","first-page":"4","volume":"10","author":"Holmes D. S.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Harvard Mental Health Letter"},{"key":"bibr16-1745691621990628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2019.103546"},{"key":"bibr17-1745691621990628","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Houben S. T. L., Otgaar H., Roelofs J., Wessel I., Patihis L., Merckelbach H. (2019). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) practitioners\u2019 beliefs about memory. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cns0000211","DOI":"10.1037\/cns0000211"},{"key":"bibr18-1745691621990628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.56.5.405"},{"key":"bibr19-1745691621990628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.48.5.518"},{"key":"bibr20-1745691621990628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.49.5.443.b"},{"key":"bibr21-1745691621990628","volume-title":"The myth of repressed memory: False memories and allegations of sexual abuse","author":"Loftus E. 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Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 149(10), 1996\u20132000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/xge0000721","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000721"},{"key":"bibr30-1745691621990628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797613510718"},{"key":"bibr31-1745691621990628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09658211.2016.1260747"},{"key":"bibr32-1745691621990628","unstructured":"Shrink implanted false memories. (2012, June 13). 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