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Although it is well documented that historical efforts to oppress and control Black people in the United States helped shape definitions of mental illness and crime, many psychologists are unaware of the ways the field has contributed to the conception and perpetuation of anti-Blackness and, consequently, the mass incarceration of Black people. In this article, we draw from existing theory and empirical evidence to demonstrate historical and contemporary examples of psychology\u2019s oppression of Black people through research and clinical practices and consider how this history directly contradicts the American Psychological Association\u2019s ethics code. First, we outline how anti-Blackness informed the history of psychological diagnoses and research. Next, we discuss how contemporary systems of forensic practice and police involvement in mental-health-crisis response maintain historical harm. Specific recommendations highlight strategies for interrupting the criminalization of Blackness and offer example steps psychologists can take to redefine psychology\u2019s relationship with justice. We conclude by calling on psychologists to recognize their unique power and responsibility to interrupt the criminalization and pathologizing of Blackness as researchers and mental-health providers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17456916221141374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T14:05:48Z","timestamp":1675865148000},"page":"1282-1305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Psychology\u2019s Contributions to Anti-Blackness in the United States Within Psychological Research, Criminal Justice, and Mental Health"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Evan","family":"Auguste","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Fordham University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"Bowdring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6078-9328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven W.","family":"Kasparek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Harvard University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne","family":"McPhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra R.","family":"Tabachnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1263-066X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Tung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, California State University Dominguez Hills"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Scholars for Elevating Equity and Diversity (SEED)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3449-5203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chard\u00e9e A.","family":"Gal\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Southern California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17456916221141374","unstructured":"Akbar N. 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