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Adolescence is a sensitive life period during which the accomplishment of key psychosocial developmental tasks\u2014including social belonging, emotion regulation, autonomy, and identity formation\u2014leads to lifelong consequences. Here, we synthesize interdisciplinary research on how adolescents\u2019 use of GenAI chatbots such as ChatGPT may have unique impacts during this life stage. Although GenAI may provide low-stakes opportunities to simulate social interactions, scaffold emotional regulation, and support identity exploration in some contexts, it also threatens to displace or thwart essential developmental experiences. Risks include increasing social isolation, undermining distress tolerance, distorting expectations for human relationships, compromising identity and purpose development, and exposing youth to biased, inaccurate, or sexually inappropriate content. We call for a developmental science framework to guide future research, technology design, and policy. Longitudinal studies are needed\u2014especially those that examine specific use cases, address all domains of development holistically, account for varying levels of vulnerability across stages and populations of adolescence, leverage interdisciplinary and academic-industry partnerships, and incorporate the perspectives of youth. As adolescents increasingly integrate GenAI into their daily lives, we must urgently address how these tools are shaping their transition to adulthood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17456916261460771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T17:49:08Z","timestamp":1787939348000},"page":"675-695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Coming of Age With Generative Artificial Intelligence: The High Stakes of Automating Adolescent Development"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1308-5798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne J.","family":"Maheux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelly","family":"Maes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Lettres, Traduction, et Communication, D\u00e9partement des Sciences de l\u2019Information et de la Communication, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbas M. 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