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However, it is currently debated if this testing effect can be further enhanced by overtly producing recalled responses. We addressed this issue using a standard cued-recall testing-effect paradigm with verb\u2013noun action phrases (e.g., water the plant) to prompt motor actions as a specifically powerful response format of recall. We then tested whether motorically performing the recalled verb targets (e.g., ?\u2013the plant) during an initial recall test ( enacted retrieval) led to better long-term retention than silently retrieving them ( covert retrieval) or restudying the complete verb\u2013noun phrases ( restudy). The results demonstrated a direct testing effect, in that long-term retention was enhanced for covert retrieval practice compared to restudy practice. Critically, enactment during retrieval further improved long-term retention beyond the effect of covert memory retrieval, both in a congruent noun-cued recall test after 1\u2009week (Experiment 1) and in an incongruent verb-cued recall test of nouns after 2\u2009weeks (Experiment 2). This finding suggests that successful memory retrieval and ensuing enactment contribute to future memory performance in parts via different mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1747021820945560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T08:54:57Z","timestamp":1595235297000},"page":"2093-2105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Putting action into testing: Enacted retrieval benefits long-term retention more than covert retrieval"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2908-2594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veit","family":"Kubik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fredrik U","family":"J\u00f6nsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"de Jonge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Artin","family":"Arshamian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1747021820945560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abel L., Roediger H. 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