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Whereas gaze cues consistently impacted RTs, movement trajectories may only be affected when the hands of the human model had the potential to interact with the target. However, the perceived ability to interact with the targets was confounded by the proximity between the model\u2019s hands and the targets. The current study explored if the influence of gaze cues on movement trajectories is shaped by the model\u2019s potential to access and interact with the targets using their hands or simply the proximity of the hands. A centrally presented human model randomly gazed towards one of two peripheral target locations. Participants executed aiming movements to targets that non-predictively appeared at one location at a stimulus onset asynchrony of 100, 350, or 850\u2009ms. In Experiment 1, the model\u2019s hands could not directly access the targets as each was holding a tray. In Experiment 2, the hands had direct access to the targets, but their palms-downwards orientation and wrist-flexed posture rendered efficiently interacting with the targets unlikely. Although RTs showed a facilitation effect of the gaze cue in both experiments, changes in movement trajectories were only observed when the model had direct access to the target (Experiment 2). The results of the current study suggest that the gaze model\u2019s direct hand access is necessary for the social gaze cues to influence movement execution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17470218251318311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T01:45:29Z","timestamp":1737683129000},"page":"2459-2472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Activation of the motor system following gaze cues is determined by hand access, not hand proximity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1272-368X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoye Michael","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Motor Control, Faculty of Kinesiology &amp; Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassie HY","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Motor Control, Faculty of Kinesiology &amp; Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5796-9045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiru","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Motor Control, Faculty of Kinesiology &amp; Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7452-5200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"April","family":"Karlinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merryn D","family":"Constable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5892-8595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy N","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Motor Control, Faculty of Kinesiology &amp; Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen M. 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