{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:02:17Z","timestamp":1790186537838,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2022-03237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2022-03237"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous work has demonstrated that women exhibit stronger gaze-cueing effects than men; however, the nature of this heightened sensitivity to gaze directions has not been investigated. Thus, the current study investigates the role of gendered socialization processes in contributing to gender differences in gaze-cueing effects. In Experiment 1, participants completed a gaze-cueing experiment and a series of questionnaires to investigate the impacts of gendered socialization on any observed gender differences in gaze-cueing effects. In Experiment 2, we eliminated the social aspects of the cues by employing a peripheral cueing paradigm, and participants completed the same series of questionnaires as in Experiment 1. All analyses were conducted using linear mixed-effects models, and the questionnaires were grouped into three factors based on an exploratory factor analysis. The results illustrate that internalized gendered attitudes shaped by gendered socialization modulate attentional orienting to socially meaningful gaze cues, but not to non-social peripheral cues. By integrating gendered socialization into attention research, our findings emphasize that even fundamental cognitive operations are intricately embedded within cultural and social frameworks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17470218261481785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T04:07:06Z","timestamp":1787198826000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond the Gender Differences: Gendered Socialization Impact on Gaze-Cueing Effect"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0330-1071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ece","family":"Yucer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4902-5095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay","family":"Pratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abrams R. A. Christ S. E. (2003). Motion onset captures attention. Psychological Science 14(5) 427\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-9280.01458","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.01458"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allen A. M. Valenti M. Linde-Krieger L. B. Medvescek K. Farland L. V. (2024). Menstrual Phase Identification Questionnaire (MPIQ): Development and validation of a cross-sectional survey to identify follicular and luteal phases. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 32(2) 207\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pha0000671","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000671"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baber K. M. Tucker C. J. (2006). The Social Roles Questionnaire: A new approach to measuring attitudes toward gender. Sex Roles 54(7\u20138) 459\u2013467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11199-006-9018-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-006-9018-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baird S. Bhutta Z. A. Hamad B. A. Hicks J. H. Jones N. Muz J. (2019). Do restrictive gender attitudes and norms influence physical and mental health during very young Adolescence? Evidence from Bangladesh and Ethiopia. SSM\u2013Population Health 9 Article 100480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmph.2019.100480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2019.100480"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bates D. M\u00e4chler M. Bolker B. Walker S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software 67(1) 1\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayliss A. P. Di Pellegrino G. Tipper S. P. (2005). Sex differences in eye gaze and symbolic cueing of attention. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 58(4) 631\u2013650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02724980443000124","DOI":"10.1080\/02724980443000124"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beischel W. J. Schudson Z. C. Hoskin R. A. Van Anders S. M. (2023). The gender\/sex 3\u00d73: Measuring and categorizing gender\/sex beyond binaries. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity 10(3) 355\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/sgd0000558","DOI":"10.1037\/sgd0000558"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bem S. L. (1981). Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing. Psychological Review 88(4) 354\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.88.4.354","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.88.4.354"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","unstructured":"Biggs J. Madnani N. (2024). FactorAnalyzer: A Factor Analysis tool written in Python. Python package Version 0.5.1. Educational Testing Service. https:\/\/factor-analyzer.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bussey K. Bandura A. (1999). Social cognitive theory of gender development and differentiation. Psychological Review 106(4) 676\u2013713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.106.4.676","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.106.4.676"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaplin T. M. Cole P. M. Zahn-Waxler C. (2005). Parental socialization of emotion expression: Gender differences and relations to child adjustment. Emotion 5(1) 80\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1528-3542.5.1.80","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.5.1.80"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooney S. M. Brady N. Ryan K. (2017). Spatial orienting of attention to social cues is modulated by cue type and gender of viewer. Experimental Brain Research 235(5) 1481\u20131490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-017-4909-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-017-4909-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui G. Zhang S. Geng H. (2014). The impact of perceived social power and dangerous context on social attention. PLoS ONE 9(12) e114077. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0114077","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114077"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dalmaso M. Galfano G. Coricelli C. Castelli L. (2014). Temporal dynamics underlying the modulation of social status on social attention. PLoS ONE 9(3) e93139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0093139","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093139"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dalmaso M. Pavan G. Castelli L. Galfano G. (2012). Social status gates social attention in humans. Biology Letters 8(3) 450\u2013452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbl.2011.0881","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2011.0881"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deaner R. Shepherd S. Platt M. (2007). Familiarity accentuates gaze cuing in women but not men. Biology Letters 3(1) 64\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbl.2006.0564","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2006.0564"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Driver J. Davis G. Ricciardelli P. Kidd P. Maxwell E. Baron-Cohen S. (1999). Gaze perception triggers reflexive visuospatial orienting. Visual Cognition 6(5) 509\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/135062899394920","DOI":"10.1080\/135062899394920"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faul F. Erdfelder E. Lang A.-G. Buchner A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social behavioral and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods 39(2) 175\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03193146","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friesen C. K. Kingstone A. (1998). The eyes have it! Reflexive orienting is triggered by nonpredictive gaze. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 5(3) 490\u2013495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03208827","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03208827"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Godard O. Fiori N. (2010). Sex differences in face processing: Are women less lateralized and faster than men? Brain and Cognition 73(3) 167\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bandc.2010.04.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2010.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","unstructured":"Haerpfer C. Inglehart R. Moreno A. Welzel C. Kizilova K. Diez-Medrano J. Lagos M. Norris P. Ponarin E. Puranen B. (2024). World values survey wave 7 (2017-2022) cross-national data-set (Version 6.0.0). World Values Survey Association. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14281\/18241.24"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horn J. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika 30(2) 179\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02289447","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289447"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsu N. Badura K. L. Newman D. A. Speach M. E. P. (2021). Gender \u201cmasculinity \u201d and \u201cfemininity\u201d: A meta-analytic review of gender differences in agency and communion. Psychological Bulletin 147(10) 987\u20131011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/bul0000343","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000343"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kachel S. Steffens M. C. Niedlich C. (2016). Traditional masculinity and femininity: Validation of a new scale assessing gender roles. Frontiers in Psychology 7 Article 956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00956","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00956"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawamoto T. Nittono H. Ura M. (2014). Social exclusion induces early-stage perceptual and behavioral changes in response to social cues. Social Neuroscience 9(2) 174\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17470919.2014.883325","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2014.883325"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klein R. M. (2000). Inhibition of return. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4(4) 138\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01452-2","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01452-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kunda Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin 108(3) 480\u2013498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.108.3.480","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.108.3.480"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuznetsova A. Brockhoff P. B. Christensen R. H. B. (2017). LmerTest package: Tests in linear mixed effects models. Journal of Statistical Software 82(13) 1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v082.i13","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v082.i13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langton S. R. H. Watt R. J. Bruce V. (2000). Do the eyes have it? Cues to the direction of social attention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4(2) 50\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1364-6613(99)01436-9","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(99)01436-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","first-page":"561","volume-title":"Handbook of socialization: Theory and research","author":"Leaper C.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leaper C., Friedman C. K. (2007). The socialization of gender. In Grusec J. E., Hastings P. D. (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: Theory and research (pp. 561\u2013587). The Guilford Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","unstructured":"Lenth R. V. (2023). emmeans: Estimated marginal means aka least-squares means. R package version 1.8.7. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=emmeans"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levtov R. G. Barker G. Contreras-Urbina M. Heilman B. Verma R. (2014). Pathways to gender-equitable men: Findings from the international men and gender equality survey in eight countries. Men and Masculinities 17(5) 467\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1097184X14558234","DOI":"10.1177\/1097184X14558234"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim Y. I. Pratt J. (2023). The interaction of internal and external attention. Attention Perception & Psychophysics 85(1) 52\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13414-022-02577-1","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-022-02577-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindqvist A. Send\u00e9n M. G. Renstr\u00f6m E. A. (2021). What is gender anyway: A review of the options for operationalising gender. Psychology & Sexuality 12(4) 332\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19419899.2020.1729844","DOI":"10.1080\/19419899.2020.1729844"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahalik J. R. Locke B. D. Ludlow L. H. Diemer M. A. Scott R. P. J. Gottfried M. Freitas G. (2003). Development of the conformity to masculine norms inventory. Psychology of Men & Masculinity 4(1) 3\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1524-9220.4.1.3","DOI":"10.1037\/1524-9220.4.1.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","unstructured":"Marcus R. Page E. (2014). Changing discriminatory norms affecting adolescent girls through communication activities. ODI Reports. https:\/\/www.odi.org\/sites\/odi.org.uk\/files\/odi-assets\/publications-opinion-files\/9042.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCrackin S. Itier R. (2019). Individual differences in the emotional modulation of gaze-cuing. Cognition & Emotion 33(4) 768\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699931.2018.1495618","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2018.1495618"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McKay K. T. Grainger S. A. Coundouris S. P. Skorich D. P. Phillips L. H. Henry J. D. (2021). Visual attentional orienting by eye gaze: A meta-analytic review of the gaze-cueing effect. Psychological Bulletin 147(12) 1269\u20131289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/bul0000353","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000353"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mishra M. V. Likitlersuang J. Wilmer J. Cohan S. Germine L. DeGutis J. (2019). Gender differences in familiar face recognition and the influence of sociocultural gender inequality. Scientific Reports 9(1) 17884. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-54074-5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54074-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller H. J. Findlay J. M. (1987). Sensitivity and criterion effects in the spatial cuing of visual attention. Perception & Psychophysics 42(4) 383\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03203097","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03203097"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakayama K. Mackeben M. (1989). Sustained and transient components of focal visual attention. Vision Research 29(11) 1631\u20131647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0042-6989(89)90144-2","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(89)90144-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","unstructured":"Pedregosa F. Varoquaux G. Gramfort A. Michel V. Thirion B. Grisel O. Blondel M. Prettenhofer P. Weiss R. Dubourg V. Vanderplas J. Passos A. Cournapeau D. Brucher M. Perrot M. Duchesnay E. (2011). Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python. Journal of Machine Learning Research 12 2825\u20132830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5555\/1953048.2078195"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peirce J. Gray J. R. Simpson S. MacAskill M. H\u00f6chenberger R. Sogo H. Kastman E. Lindel\u00f8v J. K. (2019). PsychoPy2: Experiments in behavior made easy. Behavior Research Methods 51(1) 195\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13428-018-01193-y","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-018-01193-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Posner M. I. (1980). Orienting of attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 32(1) 3\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00335558008248231","DOI":"10.1080\/00335558008248231"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","first-page":"551","volume-title":"Attention and performance X: Control of language processes","author":"Posner M. I.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Posner M. I., Cohen Y. (1984). Components of visual orienting. In Bouma H., Bonwhuis D. (Eds.), Attention and performance X: Control of language processes (pp. 551\u2013556). Lawrence Erlbaum."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Python Software Foundation. (2023). Python Language Reference (Version 3.11.3). https:\/\/www.python.org\/","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-54680-8_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","unstructured":"Qualtrics. (2024). Qualtrics XM Platform [Computer software]. https:\/\/www.qualtrics.com"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Radovanovic M. Yucer E. Sommerville J. A. (2024). Girls persist more but divest less from ineffective teaching than boys. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 153(10) 2487\u20132509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/xge0001646","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0001646"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robins C. J. Ladd J. Welkowitz J. Blaney P. H. Diaz R. Kutcher G. (1994). The personal style inventory: Preliminary validation studies of new measures of sociotropy and autonomy. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 16(4) 277\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02239408","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02239408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shepherd S. V. Deaner R. O. Platt M. L. (2006). Social status gates social attention in monkeys. Current Biology 16(4) 119\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2006.02.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2006.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spence C. J. Driver J. (1994). Covert spatial orienting in audition: Exogenous and endogenous mechanisms. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 20(3) 555\u2013574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0096-1523.20.3.555","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.20.3.555"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stevens S. A. West G. L. Al-Aidroos N. Weger U. W. Pratt J. (2008). Testing whether gaze cues and arrow cues produce reflexive or volitional shifts of attention. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 15(6) 1148\u20131153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/PBR.15.6.1148","DOI":"10.3758\/PBR.15.6.1148"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Theeuwes J. (1992). Perceptual selectivity for color and form. Perception & Psychophysics 51(6) 599\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03211656","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03211656"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Velicer W. F. (1976). Determining the number of components from the matrix of partial correlations. Psychometrika 41(3) 321\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02293557","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02293557"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wegs C. Creanga A. A. Galavotti C. Wamalwa E. (2016). Community dialogue to shift social norms and enable family planning: An evaluation of the family planning results initiative in Kenya. PLoS ONE 11(4) e0153907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0153907","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153907"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yong A. G. Pearce S. (2013). A beginner\u2019s guide to factor analysis: Focusing on exploratory factor analysis. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology 9(2) 79\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20982\/tqmp.09.2.p079","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.09.2.p079"}],"container-title":["Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17470218261481785","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17470218261481785","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17470218261481785","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:16:38Z","timestamp":1790183798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17470218261481785"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17470218261481785"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17470218261481785","relation":{},"ISSN":["1747-0218","1747-0226"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1747-0218","type":"print"},{"value":"1747-0226","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"article-number":"17470218261481785"}}