{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T21:07:33Z","timestamp":1780434453568,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]],"date-time":"2016-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456704000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was performed to determine the short-term risk-benefit profiles of patients treated with oral anticoagulation for acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack using a multicenter, prospective registry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1137 patients (645 men, 77\u2009\u00b1\u200910 years old) with acute ischemic stroke\/transient ischemic attack taking warfarin (662 patients) or non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (dabigatran in 205, rivaroxaban in 245, apixaban in 25 patients) for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who completed a three-month follow-up survey were studied. Choice of anticoagulants was not randomized. Primary outcome measures were stroke\/systemic embolism and major bleeding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both warfarin and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants were initiated within four days after stroke\/transient ischemic attack onset in the majority of cases. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant users had lower ischemia- and bleeding-risk indices (CHADS\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , CHA\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      DS\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -VASc, HAS-BLED) and milder strokes than warfarin users. The three-month cumulative rate of stroke\/systemic embolism was 3.06% (95% CI 1.96%\u20134.74%) in warfarin users and 2.84% (1.65%\u20134.83%) in non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant users (adjusted HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.44\u20132.04). The rate of major bleeding was 2.61% (1.60%\u20134.22%) and 1.11% (0.14%\u20131.08%), respectively (HR 0.63, 0.19\u20131.78); that for intracranial hemorrhage was marginally significantly lower in non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant users (HR 0.17, 0.01\u20131.15). Major bleeding did not occur in non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant users with a CHADS\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      score &lt;4 or those with a discharge modified Rankin Scale score \u22642.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stroke or systemic embolism during the initial three-month anticoagulation period after stroke\/transient ischemic attack was not frequent as compared to previous findings regardless of warfarin or non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants were used. Intracranial hemorrhage was relatively uncommon in non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant users, although treatment assignment was not randomized. Early initiation of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants during the acute stage of stroke\/transient ischemic attack in real-world clinical settings seems safe in bleeding-susceptible Japanese population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493016632239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]],"date-time":"2016-02-29T21:24:06Z","timestamp":1456781046000},"page":"565-574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Three-month risk-benefit profile of anticoagulation after stroke with atrial fibrillation: The SAMURAI-Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation (NVAF) study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Shoji","family":"Arihiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Todo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Koga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eisuke","family":"Furui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stroke Neurology, Kohnan Hospital, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, 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