{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T13:08:27Z","timestamp":1780664907094,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,8]],"date-time":"2016-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pontine infarcts are common and often attributed to small vessel disease (\u201csmall deep infarcts\u201d) or basilar branch atherosclerosis (\u201cwedge shaped\u201d). A well-described morphological differentiation using magnetic resonance images has not been reported. Furthermore, whether risk factors and outcomes differ by morphology, or whether infarct morphology should guide secondary prevention strategy, is not well characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All participants in the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes Study with magnetic resonance imaging -proven pontine infarcts were included. Infarcts were classified as well-circumscribed small deep (small deep infarct, i.e. lacunar), paramedian, atypical paramedian, or other based on diffusion-weighted imaging, T2\/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and T1-magnetic resonance images. Inter-rater reliability was high (90% agreement, Cohen\u2019s kappa\u2009=\u20090.84). Clinical and radiologic features independently associated with small deep infarct versus paramedian infarcts were identified (multivariable logistic regression). Differences in stroke risk and death were assessed using Cox proportional hazards.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 3020 patients enrolled, 644 had pontine infarcts; 619 images were available: 302(49%) small deep infarct, 245 (40%) paramedian wedge, 35 (6%) atypical paramedian, and 37 (6%) other. Among vascular risk factors, only smoking (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3\u20133.3) was independently associated with small deep infarct versus paramedian infarcts; on neuroimaging, old lacunes on T1\/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (OR 1.8, 1.3\u20132.6) and intracranial stenosis (any location) \u226550% (OR 0.62, 0.41\u20130.96). Small deep infarct versus paramedian was not predictive of either recurrent stroke or death, and there was no interaction with assigned treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pontine infarcts can be reliably classified based on morphology using clinical magnetic resonance images. Few risk factors differed between small deep infarct and paramedian infarcts with no differences in recurrent stroke or mortality. There was no difference in response to different antiplatelet or blood pressure treatment strategies between these two groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/NCT00059306 .<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493016637366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,8]],"date-time":"2016-03-08T21:10:07Z","timestamp":1457471407000},"page":"412-419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Morphological classification of penetrating artery pontine infarcts and association with risk factors and prognosis: The SPS3 trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Laura K","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain Health, and Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesly A","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Consultant, Minot, ND, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Arauz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology and Neurosurgery National Institute, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Catholic University, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Bazan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar R","family":"Benavente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain Health, and Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thalia S","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain Health, and Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC 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