{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T08:11:19Z","timestamp":1793434279719,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,8]],"date-time":"2017-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504828800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1012404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1012404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004411","name":"Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004411","name":"Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Henry J Barnett Scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Henry J Barnett Scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004411","name":"Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["New Investigator Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["New Investigator Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004411","name":"Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Quality of Stroke Care in Canada Monitoring Initia"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Quality of Stroke Care in Canada Monitoring Initia"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stroke risk is increased during pregnancy, but estimates of pregnancy-related stroke incidence vary widely.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the incidence of stroke during pregnancy and the puerperium. Ovid Medline, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science were searched for studies published between 1990 and January 2017 reporting stroke incidence during pregnancy and postpartum, from defined pregnancy populations. Pooled analyses were conducted using a random effects approach and expressed as an incidence rate per 100,000 pregnancies, with 95% confidence intervals. Subgroup analyses of stroke type and timing were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary of review<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven studies met inclusion criteria. Variation in estimated rates was noted based on geography and study methodology. The pooled crude rate of pregnancy-related stroke was 30.0 per 100,000 pregnancies (95% confidence interval 18.8\u201347.9). The pooled crude rates from nonhemorrhagic stroke (arterial and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis) were 19.9 (95% confidence interval 10.7\u201336.9) and from hemorrhage 12.2 (95% confidence interval 6.4\u201323.2) per 100,000 pregnancies. For studies separately reporting cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, the rates were roughly equal between ischemic stroke (12.2, 95% confidence interval 6.7\u201322.2), cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (9.1, 95% confidence interval 4.3\u201318.9), and hemorrhage (12.2, 95% confidence interval 6.4\u201323.2). The crude stroke rate for antenatal\/perinatal stroke was 18.3 (95% confidence interval 11.9\u201328.2), and for postpartum stroke was 14.7 (95% confidence interval 8.3\u201326.1).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stroke affects 30.0 per 100,000 pregnancies, with ischemia, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, and hemorrhage causing roughly equal numbers and with highest risk peripartum and postpartum. Organized approaches to the management of this high-risk population, informed by existing evidence from stroke and obstetrical care are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493017723271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,8]],"date-time":"2017-09-08T05:37:59Z","timestamp":1504849079000},"page":"687-697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":286,"title":["The incidence of pregnancy-related stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Richard H","family":"Swartz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Neurology) and the Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook HSC, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan L","family":"Cayley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Neurology) and the Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook HSC, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norine","family":"Foley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"workHORSE Consulting Group, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine and Foods & Nutrition, Brescia University College, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor Niyar N","family":"Ladhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Leffert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA"},{"name":"Harvard University, Cambridge, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Bushnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JA","family":"McClure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"workHORSE Consulting Group, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M Patrice","family":"Lindsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Heart and Stroke Foundation, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1747493017723271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31828124ad"},{"key":"bibr2-1747493017723271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000442009.06663.48"},{"key":"bibr3-1747493017723271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v38i1.22410"},{"key":"bibr4-1747493017723271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a4a451"},{"key":"bibr5-1747493017723271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.2.280"},{"key":"bibr6-1747493017723271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/WHE.11.19"},{"key":"bibr7-1747493017723271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199609123351102"},{"key":"bibr8-1747493017723271","first-page":"11B","volume":"6","author":"Barnett HJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"Can J 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