{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T11:03:34Z","timestamp":1778929414161,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,20]],"date-time":"2017-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are few data on risk factors for stroke during long-term follow-up of healthy individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to investigate the long-term predictive impact on stroke risk of baseline variables including hemodynamic variables measured at rest and during exercise in middle-aged, healthy men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a prospective cohort study of 2014 healthy Norwegian men aged 40\u201359 years, recruited during the period 1972\u20131975 and followed until 2007. Participants underwent a comprehensive clinical assessment at baseline, including a bicycle exercise test. Data on stroke, transient ischemic attack, and death were collected on all participants from follow-up visits, medical records, and the National Cause of Death Registry. We used Cox regression for analysis and estimated hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for traditional risk factors and hemodynamic variables measured at rest and during exercise.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During 35 years\u2019 follow-up, 316 participants (16%) had stroke, of which 287 (91%) were ischemic and 29 (9%) were hemorrhagic. Age (hazard ratio 2.70 per increase in one standard deviation, 95% confidence interval 2.13\u20133.43), resting systolic blood pressure (hazard ratio 1.24, 95% confidence interval 1.11\u20131.39), body mass index (hazard ratio 1.14, 95% confidence interval 1.02\u20131.29), and atrioventricular conduction time (hazard ratio 1.11, 95% confidence interval 1.03\u20131.19) were significantly associated with long-term risk of stroke, as were maximal systolic blood pressure and heart rate during exercise (hazard ratio 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.13\u20131.46, and hazard ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.74\u20130.99, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hemodynamic variables at rest and during exercise testing add to the predictive value of clinical variables in healthy, middle-aged men, and should be included in the assessment of long-term risk of stroke, when available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493017730760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,20]],"date-time":"2017-09-20T10:59:14Z","timestamp":1505905154000},"page":"292-300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Long-term predictors of stroke in healthy middle-aged men"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Erik","family":"Prestgaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Hodnesdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Engeseth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Erikssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Bodeg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Knut","family":"Liest\u00f8l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Knut","family":"Gjesdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sverre E.","family":"Kjeldsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Grundvold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eivind","family":"Berge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, 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