{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T20:26:25Z","timestamp":1778099185084,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,17]],"date-time":"2018-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534464000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004748","name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accurate information about disability rate after stroke remains largely unclear in many countries. Population-based studies are necessary to estimate the rate and determinants of disability after stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients were recruited from the Mashhad Stroke Incidence Study and followed for five years after their index event. Disability was measured using the modified Rankin scale and functional dependency was measured using the Barthel index.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 684 patients registered in this study, 624 were first-ever strokes. In total, 69.0% (n\u2009=\u2009409) of patients either died or remained disabled at five-year follow-up. Among the first-ever stroke survivors, 18.5% (n\u2009=\u200969) at one year and 15.9% (n\u2009=\u200931) at five years required major assistance in their daily activities. Patients with a history of stroke (before the study period) compared with first-ever strokes were more likely to be disabled at one year (modified Rankin scale&gt;2 in 40.0% vs. 19.1%; P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Advanced age, severity of stroke at the time of admission, diabetes mellitus, and educational level (&lt;12 years) were independently associated with greater disability and functional dependency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that significant disability and functional dependency after stroke in Northeast Iran were largely attributable to the effects of stroke severity and prior dependency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493018789839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,17]],"date-time":"2018-08-17T10:04:22Z","timestamp":1534500262000},"page":"44-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Long-term disability after stroke in Iran: Evidence from the Mashhad Stroke Incidence Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Taghi","family":"Farzadfard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4895-1214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Sobhan","family":"Sheikh Andalibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8533-4170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda G","family":"Thrift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke and Ageing Research, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Negar","family":"Morovatdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saverio","family":"Stranges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Western University, London, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amin","family":"Amiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moira K","family":"Kapral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Behrouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Lozano-Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali Ghabeli","family":"Juibary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naghmeh","family":"Mokhber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Western University, London, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2884-7572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud Reza","family":"Azarpazhooh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurological Science, University Hospital, Western University, London, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1747493018789839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115375"},{"key":"bibr2-1747493018789839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.559708"},{"key":"bibr3-1747493018789839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijs.12611"},{"key":"bibr4-1747493018789839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493016684843"},{"key":"bibr5-1747493018789839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000177919"},{"key":"bibr6-1747493018789839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17712\/nsj.2016.4.20160212"},{"key":"bibr7-1747493018789839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.542894"},{"key":"bibr8-1747493018789839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.097667"},{"key":"bibr9-1747493018789839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114144"}],"container-title":["International 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