{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:44:41Z","timestamp":1790171081628,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549411200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is no consensus regarding the management of carotid free-floating thrombi in patients with acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review aims to (1) describe the current imaging methods for diagnosis of carotid free-floating thrombi and its associated risk factors, (2) estimate the proportion of carotid free-floating thrombi diagnosed in stroke patients, (3) estimate the proportion of carotid free-floating thrombi patients treated medically and surgically, and (4) evaluate 30-day outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and manually for references reporting carotid free-floating thrombi from 1960 until June 2017. We estimated the frequency of carotid free-floating thrombi and evaluated 30-day outcomes using Cox regression. We defined the timing of surgical intervention as early (less than 72\u2009h) and delayed (more or equal to 72\u2009h).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary of review<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrieved 525 carotid free-floating thrombi cases from 58 case series and 83 case reports. Carotid free-floating thrombi were present in 1.53% of stroke patients. Carotid free-floating thrombi diagnosis was made by digital subtraction angiography (38.1%), carotid duplex ultrasound (29.5%), and computed tomography angiography (29.5%). The 30-day risk of transient ischemic attack, silent brain ischemia, any stroke or death was 17.1%. In multivariate analyses, there were no differences in outcome for any anticoagulation regime or timing of revascularization procedure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The diagnosis of carotid free-floating thrombi is more common due to the increased use of early noninvasive vascular imaging in transient ischemic attack and stroke. It poses a high short-term risk of stroke and death, but there is as yet no established treatment. The low quality of evidence in the carotid free-floating thrombi literature limits the interpretation of our results and warrants a large-scale prospective cohort study in carotid free-floating thrombi.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493019828554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T04:48:52Z","timestamp":1549428532000},"page":"247-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Diagnosis and management of carotid free-floating thrombus: A systematic literature review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1165-040X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Fridman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Division of Neurology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen P","family":"Lownie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Mandzia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Division of Neurology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1747493019828554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.09.057"},{"key":"bibr2-1747493019828554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.9.JNS12406"},{"key":"bibr3-1747493019828554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.19.6.681"},{"key":"bibr4-1747493019828554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1538574410375312"},{"key":"bibr5-1747493019828554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2011.08.020"},{"key":"bibr6-1747493019828554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.9.1175"},{"key":"bibr7-1747493019828554","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V41N9p420","volume":"41","author":"Chua HC","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"key":"bibr8-1747493019828554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i5.773"},{"key":"bibr9-1747493019828554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(86)90086-8"},{"key":"bibr10-1747493019828554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.160.2.3726115"},{"key":"bibr11-1747493019828554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-010-0738-x"},{"key":"bibr12-1747493019828554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-013-1298-7"},{"key":"bibr13-1747493019828554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700"},{"key":"bibr14-1747493019828554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-012-1039-y"},{"key":"bibr15-1747493019828554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2003.02748.x"},{"key":"bibr16-1747493019828554","volume-title":"The methods for the synthesis of studies without control groups","author":"Fitzpatrick-Lewis D"},{"key":"bibr17-1747493019828554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu307"},{"key":"bibr18-1747493019828554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2050"},{"key":"bibr19-1747493019828554","unstructured":"Higgins JPT GSe.\n                      Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]\n                      . 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Guidelines for management of ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack 2008.\n                      Cerebrovasc Dis\n                      2008; 25: 457\u2013507.","DOI":"10.1159\/000131083"},{"key":"bibr24-1747493019828554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000024"},{"key":"bibr25-1747493019828554","first-page":"E106","volume":"25","author":"Alaswad K","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Invasive Cardiol"},{"key":"bibr26-1747493019828554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-012904"},{"key":"bibr27-1747493019828554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-018-2077-2"},{"key":"bibr28-1747493019828554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jscd.2001.25467"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1747493019828554","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1747493019828554","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1747493019828554","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:16:58Z","timestamp":1777706218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1747493019828554"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1747493019828554"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1747493019828554","relation":{},"ISSN":["1747-4930","1747-4949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1747-4930","type":"print"},{"value":"1747-4949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]}}}