{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:37:03Z","timestamp":1790696223140,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004326","name":"Bayer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Thrombosis Research Institute"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is not always possible to verify whether a patient complaining of symptoms consistent with transient ischemic attack has had an actual cerebrovascular event.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research question<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize the risk of cardiovascular events associated with a history of stroke\/transient ischemic attack in patients with atrial fibrillation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with a history of stroke\/transient ischemic attack among 52,014 patients enrolled prospectively in GARFIELD-AF registry. The diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack was not protocol defined but based on physicians\u2019 assessment. Patients\u2019 one-year risk of death, stroke\/systemic embolism, and major bleeding was assessed by multivariable Cox regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At enrollment, 5617 (10.9%) patients were reported to have a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. Patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack were older and had a greater burden of diabetes, moderate-to-severe kidney disease, and atherothrombosis and higher median CHA\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      DS\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -VASc and HAS-BLED scores than those without history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. After adjustment, prior stroke\/transient ischemic attack was associated with significantly higher risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR), 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.12\u20131.42), cardiovascular death (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.01\u20131.48), non-cardiovascular death (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.15\u20131.68), and stroke\/systemic embolism (HR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.80\u20132.63) than patients without history of stroke\/transient ischemic attack. In patients with a prior stroke alone higher risk was observed for all-cause mortality (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.11\u20131.50), non-cardiovascular death (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.10\u20131.77), and stroke\/systemic embolism (HR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.83\u20132.86). No significantly elevated risk of adverse events was seen for patients with history of transient ischemic attack alone.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A history of prior stroke or transient ischemic attack is a strong independent risk factor for mortality and stroke\/systemic embolism. This excess risk is mainly attributed to a history of stroke (with or without transient ischemic attack), whereas history of transient ischemic attack is a weaker predictor. Clinical trial registration: NCT01090362.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493019891516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]],"date-time":"2019-12-18T02:18:47Z","timestamp":1576635527000},"page":"308-317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Prior stroke and transient ischemic attack as risk factors for subsequent stroke in atrial fibrillation patients: A report from the GARFIELD-AF registry"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Werner","family":"Hacke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Bassand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University of Besan\u00e7on, Besan\u00e7on, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saverio","family":"Virdone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Thrombosis Research Institute, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A John","family":"Camm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George\u2019s University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A","family":"Fitzmaurice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith AA","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel Z","family":"Goldhaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Formerly Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Kayani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Thrombosis Research Institute, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo G","family":"Mantovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health Research, University of Milan Bicocca, and IRCCS Multimedica Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Misselwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutic areas Thrombosis & Hematology, Bayer AG Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen S","family":"Pieper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Thrombosis Research Institute, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander GG","family":"Turpie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"van Eickels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutic areas Thrombosis & Hematology, Bayer AG Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freek WA","family":"Verheugt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay K","family":"Kakkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Thrombosis Research Institute, London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the GARFIELD-AF Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1747493019891516","volume-title":"European cardiovascular disease statistics","author":"Allender 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