{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:06:26Z","timestamp":1777943186916,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) is often inserted to manage bladder dysfunction, but its impact on prognosis is uncertain. We aimed to determine the association of IUC use on clinical outcomes after acute stroke in the international, multi-center, cluster crossover, Head Positioning in Acute Stroke Trial (HeadPoST).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were analyzed on HeadPoST participants (n\u2009=\u200911,093) randomly allocated to the lying-flat or sitting-up head position. Binomial, logistic regression, hierarchical mixed models were used to determine associations of early insertion of IUC within seven days post-randomization and outcomes of death or disability (defined as \u201cpoor outcome,\u201d scores 3\u20136 on the modified Rankin scale) and any urinary tract infection at 90 days with adjustment of baseline and post-randomization management covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 1167 (12%) patients had an IUC, but the frequency and duration of use varied widely across patients in different regions. IUC use was more frequent in older patients, and those with vascular comorbidity, greater initial neurological impairment (on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale), and intracerebral hemorrhage as the underlying stroke type. IUC use was independently associated with poor outcome (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13\u20131.74), but not with urinary tract infection after adjustment for antibiotic treatment and stroke severity at hospital separation (aOR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.59\u20132.18). The number exposed to IUC for poor outcome was 13.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IUC use is associated with a poor outcome after acute stroke. Further studies are required to inform appropriate use of IUC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493020908140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]],"date-time":"2020-02-20T00:35:43Z","timestamp":1582158943000},"page":"200-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prognostic significance of early urinary catheterization after acute stroke: Secondary analyses of the international HeadPoST trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7917-6858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Menglu","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"The George Institute China at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4975-9793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Billot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"The George Institute China at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1684-7076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Roffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisatomi","family":"Arima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo M","family":"Lavados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Neurologia and Psiquiatria, Cl\u00ednica Alemana de Santiago, Servicio de Neurolog\u00eda, Unidad de Neurolog\u00eda Vascular, Vitacura, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1211-9087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maree L","family":"Hackett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4300-9921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f3nica V","family":"Olavarr\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Neurologia and Psiquiatria, Cl\u00ednica Alemana de Santiago, Servicio de Neurolog\u00eda, Unidad de Neurolog\u00eda Vascular, Vitacura, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Venturelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Studies, School of Medicine\u2014Cl\u00ednica Alemana, ICIM, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7201-4394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandy","family":"Middleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Research Institute, St Vincent\u2019s Health Australia, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Octavio M","family":"Pontes-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Service\u2014Neurology Division, Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsong-Hai","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline L","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thompson G","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7248-4863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig S","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"The George Institute China at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Studies, School of Medicine\u2014Cl\u00ednica Alemana, ICIM, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile"},{"name":"Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Health Partners, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Heart Health Research Center, Beijing, 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