{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:07:13Z","timestamp":1777943233320,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depicting the time trends of ischemic stroke subtypes may inform healthcare resource allocation on etiology-based stroke prevention and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To reveal the evolving ischemic stroke subtypes from 2004 to 2018.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We determined the stroke etiologies of consecutive first-ever transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke patients admitted to a regional hospital in Hong Kong from 2004 to 2018. We analyzed the age-standardized incidences and the two-year recurrence rate of major ischemic stroke subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 6940 patients admitted from 2004 to 2018, age-standardized incidence of ischemic stroke declined from 187.0 to 127.4 per 100,000 population (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), driven by the decrease in large artery disease (43.0\u20139.67 per 100,000 population (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001)), and small vessel disease (71.9\u201345.7 per 100,000 population (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001)). Age-standardized incidence of cardioembolic stroke did not change significantly (p\u2009=\u20090.2). Proportion of cardioembolic stroke increased from 20.4% in 2004\u20132006 to 29.3% in 2016\u20132018 (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Two-year recurrence rate of intracranial atherothrombotic stroke reduced from 19.3% to 5.1% (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) with increased prescriptions of statin (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and dual antiplatelet therapy (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In parallel with increased anticoagulation use across the study period (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), the two-year recurrence of AF-related stroke reduced from 18.9% to 6% (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Etiology-based risk factor control might have led to the diminishing stroke incidences related to atherosclerosis. To tackle the surge of AF-related strokes, arrhythmia screening, anticoagulation usage, and mechanical thrombectomy service should be reinforced. Comparable preventive strategies might alleviate the enormous stroke burden in mainland China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930211005953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T07:01:45Z","timestamp":1615878105000},"page":"444-454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evolving ischemic stroke subtypes in 15 years: A hospital-based observational study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1619-4992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bonaventure","family":"Ip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Au","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Ip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sze H","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Mok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5933-9290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7300-6647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyi","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howan","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Abrigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3489-3201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yannie","family":"Soo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong 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Primary Care Directory, Reference Frameworks and District Health Centre, 2020; www.fhb.gov.hk\/pho\/main\/home_page.html?lang=22020."},{"key":"bibr25-17474930211005953","unstructured":"Longde W. The prevention and treatment of stroke still face huge challenges. In: Yi PBY, Yilong W, et\u00a0al.; on behalf of the compiling group of the Report on Stroke Prevention and Treatment in China 2018 (eds)\n                      Brief report on stroke prevention and treatment in China, 2018. 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