{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:15:18Z","timestamp":1787019318266,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of a paired vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) system for the treatment of moderate-to-severe upper extremity motor deficits associated with chronic ischemic stroke has recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. This treatment aims to increase the task-specific neuroplasticity through the activation of cholinergic and noradrenergic networks during rehabilitation therapy. A recent pivotal Phase III trial showed that VNS paired with rehabilitation led to improvements in upper extremity impairment and function in people with moderate-to-severe arm weakness for an average of 3\u2009years after ischemic stroke. The between-group difference following 6\u2009weeks of in-clinic therapy and 90\u2009days of home exercise therapy was three points on the upper extremity Fugl-Meyer score. A clinically meaningful response defined as a greater than or equal to six-point improvement was seen in approximately half of the people treated with VNS compared to approximately a quarter of people treated with rehabilitation alone. Further post-marketing research should aim to establish whether the treatment is also of use for people with intracerebral hemorrhage, in people with more severe arm weakness, and for other post-stroke impairments. In addition, high-quality randomized studies of non-invasive VNS are required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930221094684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T08:33:26Z","timestamp":1649061206000},"page":"1061-1066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Paired vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of upper extremity impairment after stroke"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7532-2475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse","family":"Dawson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azmil H","family":"Abdul-Rahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17474930221094684","unstructured":"FDA Approves First-of-Its-Kind Stroke Rehabilitation System, https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-approves-first-its-kind-stroke-rehabilitation-system (2021. accessed 28 February 2022)."},{"key":"bibr2-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1052-3057(03)00042-9"},{"key":"bibr3-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.46.6.521"},{"key":"bibr4-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2012.00942.x"},{"key":"bibr5-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.015790"},{"key":"bibr6-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31055-4"},{"key":"bibr7-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.10.022"},{"key":"bibr8-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-319954"},{"key":"bibr9-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.028143"},{"key":"bibr10-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.03.003"},{"key":"bibr11-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-080317-062015"},{"key":"bibr12-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00026-X"},{"key":"bibr13-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.3.780"},{"key":"bibr14-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00288-5"},{"key":"bibr15-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5357.1714"},{"key":"bibr16-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09656"},{"key":"bibr17-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2013.08.002"},{"key":"bibr18-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968315616494"},{"key":"bibr19-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.03.030"},{"key":"bibr20-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.006654"},{"key":"bibr21-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.010477"},{"key":"bibr22-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.022279"},{"key":"bibr23-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00475-X"},{"key":"bibr24-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968320924361"},{"key":"bibr25-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52092-x"},{"key":"bibr26-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12629"},{"key":"bibr27-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.06.003"},{"key":"bibr28-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.09.009"},{"key":"bibr29-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.02.056"},{"key":"bibr30-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8841752"},{"key":"bibr31-17474930221094684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7876507"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17474930221094684","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17474930221094684","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17474930221094684","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:20:50Z","timestamp":1777706450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17474930221094684"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17474930221094684"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17474930221094684","relation":{},"ISSN":["1747-4930","1747-4949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1747-4930","type":"print"},{"value":"1747-4949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]}}}