{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T06:52:15Z","timestamp":1785912735178,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663545600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001316","name":"Abbott Laboratories","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Abbott provided funding for clinical consultancy."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Abbott provided funding for clinical consultancy."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients who had a cryptogenic stroke (CS) suspected to be causally related to a patent foramen ovale (PFO) are candidates for percutaneous PFO closure. In such patients, it is important to screen for atrial fibrillation (AF). Limited guidance is available regarding AF monitoring strategies in CS patients with PFO addressing optimal monitoring technology and duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To provide a narrative review of cardiac rhythm monitoring in CS patients considered for PFO closure, including current practices, stroke recurrences after CS, findings from monitoring studies in CS patients, and predictors for AF detection published in the literature. To propose a personalized strategy for cardiac monitoring in CS patients, accounting for aspects predicting AF detection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary of review:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      AF detection in CS patients is predicted by age, left atrial enlargement, prolonged PR interval, frequent premature atrial contractions, interatrial conduction block, diabetes, prior brain infarctions, leukoaraiosis, elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)\/N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, and a family history of AF, as well as composed scores (e.g. CHA\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      DS\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -VASc, atrial fibrillation in embolic stroke of undetermined source (AF-ESUS)). The causal role of the PFO may be accounted for by the risk of paradoxical embolism (RoPE) score and\/or the PFO-Associated Stroke Causal Likelihood (PASCAL) classification.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A personalized approach to AF detection in CS patients is proposed, accounting for the likelihood of AF detection and aimed at obtaining sufficient confidence regarding the absence of AF in patients considered for PFO closure. In addition, the impact of high-risk PFO features on the monitoring strategy is discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930221124412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T23:50:17Z","timestamp":1662076217000},"page":"400-407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Monitoring for atrial fibrillation prior to patent foramen ovale closure after cryptogenic stroke"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6556-8612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans-Christoph","family":"Diener","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroepidemiology, Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), Medical Faculty of the University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Wachter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital and the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Thijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renate B","family":"Schnabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0629-9248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Ntaios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Kasner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M","family":"Rothwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, 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