{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T19:09:52Z","timestamp":1790968192795,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734393600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) accounts for 0.5\u20131% of all strokes. The role of endovascular therapy (EVT) in the management of CVT remains controversial and variations in practice patterns are not well known.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims:<\/jats:title>\n Here, we present a comprehensive, international characterization of practice patterns and perspectives on the use of EVT for CVT.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A comprehensive 42-question survey was distributed to stroke clinicians globally from May to October 2023, asking about practice patterns and perspectives on the use of EVT for CVT.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n The overall response rate was 31% (863 respondents of 2744 invited) across 61 countries. The majority of respondents (74%) supported the use of EVT for CVT in certain clinical situations. Key considerations for decision-making in using EVT favored clinical over radiographic\/procedural factors and included worsening level of consciousness (86%) and worsening neurological deficits (76%). In the past 3\u2009years, 56% of respondents used EVT for the treatment of CVT, with most (49.5%) involved in two to five cases. Among interventionalists, significant variability existed in the techniques used for EVT ( p\u2009<\u20090.001), with aspiration thrombectomy (56%) and stent retriever (51%) being the most used overall. Regionally, interventionalists from China predominantly used intra-sinus heparin (56%), while this technique was most commonly ranked as \u201cnever indicated\u201d throughout the rest of the world (23%). Post-procedure, low molecular weight heparin was the most used anticoagulant (83%), although North American respondents favored unfractionated heparin (37%), while imaging was primarily split between magnetic resonance (71.8%) and computed tomography (65.9%) arteriography or venography.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Our survey reveals significant heterogeneity in approaches to EVT for CVT, and provides a comprehensive characterization of indications, techniques, and long-term management used by clinicians internationally. This resource will aid in optimizing patient selection and endovascular treatments for future trials.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930241304206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T05:19:32Z","timestamp":1732166372000},"page":"319-327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["International practice patterns and perspectives on endovascular therapy for the treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1388-3490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin A","family":"Brakel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander D","family":"Rebchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Ospel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manraj KS","family":"Heran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayank","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6269-1543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael D","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9642-9415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongrong","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochuan","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Disease Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Sacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Section, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L\u2019Aquila, L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0031-1004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shadi","family":"Yaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7210-3522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ton Duy","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Centre, Bach Mai Hospital, Ha Noi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam"},{"name":"VNU University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6tz","family":"Thomalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gr\u00e9goire","family":"Boulouis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tours, Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Yamagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stroke Neurology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Nagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Klinikum Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Puetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany"},{"name":"Dresden Neurovascular Center, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8999-5424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Espen Saxhaug","family":"Kristoffersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, L\u00f8renskog, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8186-0237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelle","family":"Demeestere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Leuven University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1622-9526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongming","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Abdalkader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8909-9761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sami","family":"Al Kasab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E","family":"Siegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Strbian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0521-4051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urs","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6028-3426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Munckhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6702-7924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Aguiar de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke center, Lisbon Central University Hospital\u2014ULS S Jos\u00e9, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"L Lopes lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3632-9433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce CV","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Raymond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Service of Interventional Neuroradiology, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0293-2744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xunming","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5950-9886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Saposnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Outcomes Research & Decision Neuroscience Unit, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2810-1685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanh N","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1176-0633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thalia S","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, 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