{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T02:39:57Z","timestamp":1793846397301,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among non-communicable disorders (NCDs), stroke remains the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of death and disability combined (as expressed by disability-adjusted life-years lost\u2014DALYs) in the world.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was aimed to estimate global, regional and nationa burden of stroke and its risk factors from 1990 to 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Finding presented in this paper were derived mainly from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 Study on stroke burden published in The Lancet Neurology 2024:23:973-1003.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The estimated global cost of stroke is over US$890 billion (0.66% of the global GDP). From 1990 to 2021, the burden (in terms of the absolute number of cases) increased substantially (70.0% increase in incident strokes, 44.0% deaths from stroke, 86.0% prevalent strokes, and 32% DALYs), with the bulk of the global stroke burden (87.0% of deaths and 89.0% of DALYs) residing in lower-income and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). Stroke attributable to metabolic risks constituted 69.0% of all strokes, environmental risks constituted 37.0%, and behavioral risks constituted 35.0%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This World Stroke Organization (WSO) Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2025 provides the most updated information that can be used to inform communication with all internal and external stakeholders; all statistics have been reviewed and approved for use by the WSO Executive Committee and leaders from the Global Burden of Disease research group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930241308142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T06:48:08Z","timestamp":1733381288000},"page":"132-144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1601,"title":["World Stroke Organization: Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2025"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6372-1740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valery L","family":"Feigin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8363-4962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Brainin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Norrving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila O","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre and Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0028-1968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeyaraj","family":"Pandian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Ludhiana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2584-8580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrice","family":"Lindsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"F Grupper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Stroke Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilari","family":"Rautalin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17474930241308142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00369-7"},{"key":"bibr2-17474930241308142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00277-6"},{"key":"bibr3-17474930241308142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01859-7"},{"key":"bibr4-17474930241308142","unstructured":"Tackling NCDs: best buys and other recommended interventions for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases\n                      . 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2024, https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/376624\/9789240091078-eng.pdf?sequence=1 (accessed 10 October 2024)."},{"key":"bibr5-17474930241308142","unstructured":"Brayne C. The Lancet Neurology 20th Anniversary Lecture: Professor Carol Brayne CBE, https:\/\/www.dementiaresearcher.nihr.ac.uk\/the-lancet-neurology-20th-anniversary-lecture-professor-carol-brayne-cbe\/ (2022, accessed 10 October 2024)."},{"key":"bibr6-17474930241308142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00443-4"},{"key":"bibr7-17474930241308142","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Food systems for health: information brief. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2021, https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240035263 (accessed 10 October 2024)."},{"key":"bibr8-17474930241308142","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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