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However, it is unclear whether low\/inadequate vegetable consumption could aggravate the odds of stroke among people with hypertension. This study assessed the interaction of low vegetable consumption and hypertension with stroke among West Africans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this case\u2013control study, 3684 stroke cases (aged\u2009\u2a7e\u200918\u2009years) matched for age \u00b15\u2009years, sex, and ethnicity, with 3684 healthy controls were recruited across multiple sites in Nigeria and Ghana. Hypertension was defined using standard guidelines, and vegetable consumption was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression and interaction models were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of stroke and the synergistic interaction of both low vegetable consumption (&lt;\u20096 servings per week) and hypertension. The attributable proportion (AP), relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), and synergy index (SI) were estimated at a two-sided\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, the mean age was 59.0\u2009\u00b1\u200914.9\u2009years, and 45.8% (3376) were female. Among stroke cases, the prevalence of low vegetable consumption and hypertension was 68.1% (2508) and 95.9% (3480), respectively. The multivariable-adjusted odds of stroke, given low vegetable consumption with hypertension, were OR = 25.66 (95% CI = 16.65, 39.54) with an RERI of 13.40 (95% CI = 7.21, 19.59), AP of 0.52 (95% CI = 0.44, 0.60), SI of 2.19 (95% CI = 1.82, 2.63), and a multiplicative interaction of about 50%; 1.51 (95% CI = 0.91, 2.49).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The odds of stroke double with low vegetable consumption among people with hypertension in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930251349474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T07:08:51Z","timestamp":1749193731000},"page":"1159-1169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Low vegetable consumption doubles the odds of stroke among people with hypertension: Findings from the SIREN Study in West Africa"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Osahon Jeffery","family":"Asowata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA"},{"name":"Centre for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ifeoluwa","family":"Bodunde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4825-4934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akinkunmi Paul","family":"Okekunle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 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