{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T16:33:16Z","timestamp":1782923596947,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756512000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province","award":["20220303002SF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220303002SF"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province","award":["YDZJ202302CXJD061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202302CXJD061"]}]},{"name":"Talent Reserve Program of the First Hospital of Jilin University","award":["JDYYCB-2023002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JDYYCB-2023002"]}]},{"name":"the Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University","award":["2022JBGS03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JBGS03"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory","award":["YDZJ202302CXJD017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202302CXJD017"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82071291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071291"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It remains unclear whether the serum levels of the brain injury biomarkers (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP] and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 [UCH-L1]) can be used to quantitatively evaluate brain tissue injury and predict prognosis in patients with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigates the association between serum GFAP and UCH-L1 levels with functional outcomes in patients receiving IVT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients were prospectively enrolled from 16 hospitals. We measured serum GFAP and UCH-L1 levels 24 hours after IVT. Infarct volume, hemorrhagic transformation (HT), and short- and long-term prognostic indicators were evaluated. GFAP and UCH-L1 cutoff levels for predicting 3-month unfavorable outcomes were derived, and a biomarker-based model was established and subjected to internal and external validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included 1028 patients. Higher GFAP and UCH-L1 levels were independently associated with larger infarct volume, HT, higher 24-hour and 7-day National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores, and 3-month modified Rankin Scale scores. The cutoff levels for GFAP and UCH-L1 (116 and 292\u2009pg\/mL, respectively) predicted patients with 3-month unfavorable outcomes with a specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of 97.56% (95% confidence interval [CI], 94.51\u201399.00) and 88.68% (95% CI, 76.28\u201395.31), respectively, in the training cohort. In the testing and validation cohorts, specificity was 97.83% (95% CI, 91.62\u201399.62) and 96.90% (95% CI, 91.77\u201399.00), respectively, and PPV was 90.00% (95% CI, 66.87\u201398.25) and 75.00% (95% CI, 47.41\u201391.67), respectively. Furthermore, the biomarker-based nomogram model showed good predictability of 3-month prognosis in the different cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum GFAP and UCH-L1 levels can be used to quantitatively evaluate brain tissue injury and predict the prognosis of patients with IVT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930251366103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T11:28:31Z","timestamp":1754134111000},"page":"221-232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Quantification of brain tissue injury and prediction of prognosis using serum GFAP and UCH-L1: A multicenter prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Zhen-Ni","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reziya","family":"Abuduxukuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5536-0255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi-Duo","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang-Yu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Songyuan Central Hospital, Songyuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Mei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Jilin Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Siping, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Siping Central People\u2019s Hospital, Siping, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Mei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tonghua City Vascular Disease Hospital and Dongchang District People\u2019s Hospital, Tonghua, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Songyuan Jilin Oilfield Hospital, Songyuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Dehuishi People\u2019s Hospital, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical College, Jilin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Songyuan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Songyuan, 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Abbott receives FDA clearance for whole blood rapid test to help with assessment of concussion at the patient\u2019s bedside. 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