{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T06:57:31Z","timestamp":1788159451138,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777075200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Society of Indian Physiotherapists","award":["SIP_2021_YR01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP_2021_YR01"]}]},{"name":"BeAble Health Pvt Ltd","award":["Industry grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Industry grant"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Stroke"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although many gaming systems for early stroke rehabilitation capture kinematic data, studies on upper limb (UL) movement capacity analysis after virtual reality (VR)-based gaming interventions remain limited. This study is a secondary analysis of the EnteRtain randomized clinical trial and aims to examine the effects of gamified rehabilitation using a low-cost arm rehabilitation system compared to task-based training on UL movement capacity in individuals with acute or subacute stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This secondary analysis used data from a randomized, multicenter, single-blind clinical trial involving 120 participants (91 males) with unilateral stroke and an UL Brunnstrom motor recovery stage \u2a7e1 to \u2a7d5, recruited from four centers across India. Participants received either gamified training with the ArmAble\n                      <jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>\n                      device (experimental group; n\u2009=\u200964) or task-based training (control group; n\u2009=\u200956), alongside conventional therapy for 2\u2009h\/day, 6\u2009days\/week, over 2\u2009weeks, followed by 4\u2009weeks of home-based UL rehabilitation. Movement capacity outcomes (reach distance, time, and movement velocity) were assessed by blinded evaluators at 2 and 6\u2009weeks and analyzed using a linear mixed-effects regression model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At 6\u2009weeks, the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements compared to control group in movement velocity for reaches to both near (mean difference (95% confidence interval (CI)): \u22122.8 (\u22125.0, \u22120.75); p\u2009=\u20090.008) and far targets (\u22122.7 (\u22124.9, \u22120.51); p\u2009=\u20090.016). No significant differences were, however, observed at 2\u2009weeks. Changes in reach distance and movement time were not statistically significant between the groups at any time point.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gamified rehabilitation with the ArmAble\n                      <jats:sup>tm<\/jats:sup>\n                      device enhanced UL movement velocity at 6\u2009weeks compared to task-based training in individuals recovering from acute\/subacute stroke. These findings support the use of ArmAble\n                      <jats:sup>tm<\/jats:sup>\n                      both as an engaging therapeutic tool and as a quantitative assessment platform for evaluating UL function post-stroke.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trials registry number:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CTRI\/2020\/09\/027651<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930261448299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T09:16:59Z","timestamp":1777108619000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Game-based rehabilitation improves upper limb movement capacity compared to task-based training in people post-stroke: Kinematic analyses from the EnteRtain randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5000-7284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A Sulfikar","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5795-3812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashokan","family":"Arumugam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE"},{"name":"Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS\u2014Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE"},{"name":"Sustainable Engineering Asset Management Research Group, RISE\u2013Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0366-4609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte K","family":"H\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2181-5332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Girish","family":"N","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0387-2870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Punitha","family":"Nirmal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Poovanthi Institute of Rehabilitation and Elder care, Poovanthi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4329-5748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manikandan","family":"Natarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0828-6977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John M","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasudeva","family":"Guddattu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Data Science, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3114-8361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aparna R","family":"Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6491-2584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Senthil","family":"Kumaran D","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00300"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","article-title":"The use and effect of video game design theory in the creation of game-based systems for upper limb stroke rehabilitation","volume":"3","author":"Barrett N","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barrett N, Swain I, Gatzidis C, Mecheraoui C. 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