{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:01:13Z","timestamp":1790794873028,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Sports Science &amp; Coaching"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    As most rugby injuries occur during tackles, understanding how contact skills are delivered in practice is critical for informing best practice and policy. World Rugby's contact load guidance and the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tackle Ready<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Contact Confident<\/jats:italic>\n                    tackle training (TT) programmes are recommended for progressive contact preparation. Within a coach TT education workshop initiative, this study aimed to characterise TT practices and adoption of World Rugby-recommended components in girls rugby. In this cross-sectional study, 251 practice sessions from 33 teams were analysed using a 10-item framework. Activities were classified as controlled contact (restrained) or full contact (unrestrained). Mixed-effects models were used to examine associations between age categories, TT workshop attendance, and contact exposure or programme adoption. Eighty-five percent of teams had at least one coach who had attended a workshop. Controlled contact activities occurred in 76.5% of sessions (median 14.7\u2005min, Q1,Q3: 2.8,24.2). Full contact was infrequent (9.2%, median 0\u2005min, Q1,Q3: 0,0). Coach workshop exposure was associated with greater controlled contact minutes (+9.08\u2005min, p\u2009=\u20090.004) but no difference in full contact.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tackle Ready<\/jats:italic>\n                    phases were observed in 70.9% of practices and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Contact Confident<\/jats:italic>\n                    in 68.5%, with only 2.8% of sessions incorporating all\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Contact Confident<\/jats:italic>\n                    groups. Contact was predominantly delivered through isolated formats without equipment. Findings suggest selective TT adoption following workshop exposure, with lower odds of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Contact Confident<\/jats:italic>\n                    uptake (OR\u2009=\u20090.31, 95%CI: 0.09,1.00) and higher odds of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tackle Ready<\/jats:italic>\n                    adoption (OR\u2009=\u20092.42, 95%CI: 0.85,6.90\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">) for coaches exposed to TT<\/jats:italic>\n                    workshop. Tailored support is needed to promote balanced and progressive contact training in rugby.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17479541261474875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:58:38Z","timestamp":1786975118000},"page":"3054-3064","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Are girls contact-ready? Video analysis of tackle training practices in adolescent girls rugby union"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8083-6278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn","family":"Dane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"University of Calgary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7919-5286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Deaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"University of Calgary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6557-2913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"University of Calgary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0175-2354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isla J.","family":"Shill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"University of Victoria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5800-7000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK"},{"name":"Department of Health, Centre for Health, and Injury &amp; Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6651-9695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaylee","family":"Siemens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3140-9877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK"},{"name":"Department of Health, Centre for Health, and Injury &amp; Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1254-8308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"Rugby Operations, International Rugby Players Association, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3416-6266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharief","family":"Hendricks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cape Town"},{"name":"Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK"},{"name":"Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre, Stellenbosch, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2583-8284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brooke","family":"Dennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2320-4845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claude","family":"Goulet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9499-6691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolyn A","family":"Emery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"University of Victoria"},{"name":"Department of Health, Centre for Health, and Injury &amp; Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"World Rugby. Global rugby participation increasing ahead of Rugby World Cup 2023 https:\/\/www.world.rugby\/news\/836825\/global-rugby-participation-increasing-ahead-of-rugby-world-cup-2023 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"World Rugby. World Rugby and the International Working Group (IWG) on Women & Sport announce strategic relationship through to 2026 https:\/\/www.world.rugby\/news\/741587\/world-rugby-and-the-international-working-group-iwg-on-women-sport-announce-strategic-relationship-through-to-2026 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101293"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0086"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1747954120976943"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000993"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-105831"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2025-002573"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2021.1973573"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2025.2526290"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-106929"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24733938.2019.1633470"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","unstructured":"World Rugby. World Rugby Passport: Tackle Ready https:\/\/passport.world.rugby\/injury-prevention-and-risk-management\/tackle-ready\/ (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","unstructured":"World Rugby. Contact confident https:\/\/passport.world.rugby\/injury-prevention-and-risk-management\/tackle-ready\/contact-confident (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"World Rugby. 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