{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:22:48Z","timestamp":1790950968702,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000846","name":"Intensive Care Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000846","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031302","name":"Mersey School of Anaesthesia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031302","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Intensive Care Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The psychological impact of surviving an admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) with COVID-19 is uncertain. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in ICU survivors treated for COVID-19 infection, and identify risk factors for psychological distress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This observational study was conducted at 52 ICUs in the United Kingdom. Participants, treated for COVID-19 infection during an ICU admission of \u2a7e24\u2009h, were recruited post-ICU discharge. Self-report questionnaires were completed at 3, 6 and\/or 12\u2009months. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were identified using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. PTSD was assessed using the Impact of Events Scale-6. Demographic, clinical, physical and psychosocial factors were considered as putative predictors of psychological distress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      1620 patients provided consent and 1258 (77.7%) responded to at least one questionnaire, with responses at 3\u2009months (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009426), 6\u2009months (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009656) and 12\u2009months (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091050) following ICU admission. The following prevalence rates were found at 3, 6 and 12\u2009months, respectively: anxiety in 28.8% (95% CI 24.6\u201333.1), 30.4% (95% CI 27.0\u201333.8) and 29.3% (95% CI 26.5\u201332.1); depression in 25.1% (21.0\u201329.3), 25.9% (22.7\u201329.3) and 24.0% (21.5\u201326.6); and PTSD in 43.5% (38.8\u201348.2), 44.3% (40.6\u201348.0) and 43.2% (40.2\u201346.1) of patients. Risk factors for psychological distress included a previous mental health diagnosis, unemployment or being on sick leave, and a history of asthma or COPD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinically significant symptoms of anxiety, depression and PTSD were common and persisted up to 12\u2009months post-ICU discharge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17511437241312113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T05:41:22Z","timestamp":1736574082000},"page":"11-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Psychological impact of an intensive care admission for COVID-19 on patients in the United Kingdom"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8734-994X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicia AC","family":"Waite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Gemma","family":"Cherry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"},{"name":"Clinical Health Psychology Service, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen L","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"},{"name":"School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK"},{"name":"Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian W","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"},{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of 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