{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:50:41Z","timestamp":1791838241283,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Intensive Care Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. National guidelines state that patients should not receive enteral feeding for 48 hours after inury, which may be detrimental if a patient experiences a hypercatabolic response to polytrauma. We conducted a systematic review of the benefits and harms of delayed enteral feeding in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL for studies which had a time parameter as part of their evaluation of feeding in the acute phase of spinal cord injury in a critical care setting. Required outcomes for inclusion were neurological improvement, neurological complications, time spent in an ICU, time to ICU discharge, incidence of secondary complications, other adverse effects and mortality. Risk of bias was assessed with the Downs and Black checklist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four studies met the inclusion criteria. There was no high-quality evidence of worsened outcomes with earlier feeding compared to delayed enteral feeding. One study demonstrated that patients fed before 24\u2009h in conjunction with a broader bundle of care had improved neurological outcomes compared to previous non-standardised practice. There was no evidence of difference in frequency of infections or mortality in early or late feeding groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We find no clear evidence of increased risk of harm from earlier enteral feeding strategies, nor clear evidence of benefit of earlier feeding as an isolated intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17511437251328151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:50:28Z","timestamp":1742950228000},"page":"334-342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["What are the benefits and harms of delayed enteral feeding in acute spinal cord injury patients in critical care units? A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1382-2129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Gordon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"O\u2019 Hagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessie","family":"Welbourne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK"},{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpaic.2020.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JN.S143236"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1973.39.5.0596"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0704(18)30536-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"46","volume-title":"Management of neurogenic bowel dysfunction","author":"Multidisciplinary Association of Spinal Cord Injury Professionals","year":"2021","unstructured":"Multidisciplinary Association of Spinal Cord Injury Professionals. Management of neurogenic bowel dysfunction. Stoke Mandeville Hospital: MASCIP Guidelines, 2021, p.46."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2004.12.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/51.6.1035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-009-1664-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.08.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021; 372: n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.52.6.377"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6298"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200405010-00020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"140","article-title":"Nutritional support: a prophylaxis against stress bleeding after spinal cord injury","volume":"27","author":"Kuric J","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kuric J, Lucas CE, Ledgerwood AM, et al. Nutritional support: a prophylaxis against stress bleeding after spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 1989; 27: 140\u2013145.","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(03)00203-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4665-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.1155"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.010"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Intensive Care Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17511437251328151","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17511437251328151","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17511437251328151","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:55:23Z","timestamp":1777460123000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17511437251328151"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17511437251328151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17511437251328151","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-1437","1751-1437"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-1437","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-1437","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]}}}