{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T14:10:56Z","timestamp":1778940656439,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Intensive Care Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>End-of-life decision-making in the intensive care unit (ICU) remains ethically complex and emotionally charged. There is a need for frameworks that support compassionate, values-based care when curative treatment is no longer appropriate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper introduces the \u2018Triad of Dying\u2019, an easy to recall, clinical and ethical framework comprising comfort, dignity, and the presence of loved ones, to guide ICU clinicians in withdrawing life-sustaining treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The framework integrates established palliative principles into a cohesive and memorable tool for bedside decision-making, interdisciplinary practice, and trainee education. It enhances communication with families and promotes person-centred care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Triad of dying provides a practical scaffold for reframing ICU death as a meaningful, human event rather than a medical failure. It fosters ethically grounded palliation that honours the values and identities of patients at life\u2019s end.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17511437261429269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T11:30:52Z","timestamp":1776684652000},"page":"268-272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Triad of Dying: A framework for palliation and compassionate decision-making in the ICU"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8389-473X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ned","family":"Gilbert-Kawai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Liverpool Hospital, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Presswood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dorothy House Hospice Care and Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7300","key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"1246","article-title":"Managing death in the intensive care unit: the transition from cure to comfort","volume":"323","author":"Curtis JR","year":"2001","unstructured":"Curtis JR, Rubenfeld GD. Managing death in the intensive care unit: the transition from cure to comfort. BMJ 2001; 323(7300): 1246\u20131249.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","volume-title":"Principles of Biomedical Ethics","author":"Beauchamp TL","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beauchamp TL, Childress JF. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. 7th ed. Oxford University Press, 2013.","edition":"7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181e8ad23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39244.650926.47"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200409-1295OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200409-1267OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa063446"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000573"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.050626"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-0502"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"93","article-title":"The \u201cdis-ease\u201d of dying: Challenges in nursing care of the dying in the acute hospital setting","volume":"26","author":"Bloomer MJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bloomer MJ, Endacott R, O\u2019Connor M, et al. The \u201cdis-ease\u201d of dying: Challenges in nursing care of the dying in the acute hospital setting. Aust Crit Care 2013; 26(3): 93\u201397.","journal-title":"Aust Crit Care"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","volume-title":"Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development","author":"Kolb DA.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kolb DA. Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Prentice Hall, 1984."}],"container-title":["Journal of the Intensive Care Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17511437261429269","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17511437261429269","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17511437261429269","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T13:47:18Z","timestamp":1778939238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17511437261429269"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17511437261429269"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17511437261429269","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-1437","1751-1437"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-1437","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-1437","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]}}}