{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:01:06Z","timestamp":1777852866421,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,8]],"date-time":"2009-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1247011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Hand Surg Eur Vol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fifty-two children (54 upper extremities) with obstetric brachial plexus palsy who underwent primary reconstruction for elbow flexion restoration were studied. The outcomes were analysed in relation to the type of brachial plexus lesion, timing of surgery, and the type of reconstruction. Overall, 42 of 54 extremities (78%) achieved good and excellent results (\u2265M3+). The average postoperative muscle grading for the biceps was 3.7 (SD 0.8), and the average postoperative active elbow flexion was 108\u00b0 (SD 33\u00b0). The average elbow flexion contracture was 18\u00b0 (SD 21\u00b0). The timing of surgery and the type of the brachial plexus injury significantly influenced the final outcome. The best results were seen in early cases (\u22643 months), where the lateral cord was reconstructed from intraplexus donors. In this group, minimal flexion contracture deformity was observed. Late reconstruction (\u22657 months) of the musculocutaneous nerve resulted in inferior results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193409105188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,8]],"date-time":"2009-07-08T20:59:10Z","timestamp":1247086750000},"page":"449-458","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Elbow Flexion after Primary Reconstruction in Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"J. K.","family":"TERZIS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery Program, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z. 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