{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T17:20:03Z","timestamp":1789665603858,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,10]],"date-time":"2011-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1318204800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Hand Surg Eur Vol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To determine the contribution of the T1 root to movements of the upper limb in infancy, 40 infants presenting with obstetrical brachial plexus palsy who underwent resection and reconstruction of all brachial plexus roots with the exception of the T1 root were assessed in the early postoperative period. The movements of the limb were recorded using the Hospital for Sick Children active movement scale and demonstrated considerable variability. All movements of the upper limb were observed in this group with the exception of external rotation of the shoulder and elbow flexion. Classical accounts of the function of T1 have limited its activity to the small muscles of the hand and were based on anatomical dissection, brachial plexus injuries and electrical stimulation. By contrast, this study isolated the physiological activity of T1 and analysed the functional contribution of this root to arm movement. We show a greater than generally recognized contribution of T1 to the function of the upper limb in infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193411421418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,10]],"date-time":"2011-10-10T22:38:43Z","timestamp":1318286323000},"page":"237-243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Functional contribution of T1 to the brachial plexus in infants"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Fattah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. G.","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Rehabilitation, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. M. R.","family":"Agur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. M.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1753193411421418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(05)80008-7"},{"key":"bibr2-1753193411421418","unstructured":"Basmajian JV, Slonecker CE. Grant\u2019s method of anatomy: A clinical problem solving approach, 11th Edn. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1989, p. 436."},{"key":"bibr3-1753193411421418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181a80798"},{"key":"bibr4-1753193411421418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00264-X"},{"key":"bibr5-1753193411421418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965"},{"key":"bibr6-1753193411421418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspl.1883.0039"},{"key":"bibr7-1753193411421418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspl.1881.0003"},{"key":"bibr8-1753193411421418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(97)80076-9"},{"key":"bibr9-1753193411421418","first-page":"399","volume":"38","author":"Harris W","year":"1904","journal-title":"J Anat Physiol"},{"key":"bibr10-1753193411421418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspl.1886.0104"},{"key":"bibr11-1753193411421418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000230205"},{"key":"bibr12-1753193411421418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318199f4eb"},{"key":"bibr13-1753193411421418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(02)00100-1"},{"key":"bibr14-1753193411421418","unstructured":"Moore KL. Clinically orientated anatomy, 3rd Edn Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Company, 1992, p. 917."},{"key":"bibr15-1753193411421418","unstructured":"Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AMR. Clinically oriented anatomy, 6th Edn. Philadelphia, Lippincott: Williams & Wilkins, 2009, p. 696."},{"key":"bibr16-1753193411421418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010050136"},{"key":"bibr17-1753193411421418","unstructured":"Robinson A. Cunningham\u2019s textbook of anatomy, 5th Edn. New York: William Wood and Company, 1918, p. 701."},{"key":"bibr18-1753193411421418","first-page":"412","volume":"40","author":"Scott S","year":"1906","journal-title":"J Anat Physiol"},{"key":"bibr19-1753193411421418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1898.0002"},{"key":"bibr20-1753193411421418","unstructured":"Standring S. Gray\u2019s anatomy: The anatomical basis of clinical practice, 29th Edn. London: Churchill Livingstone, 2005, p. 815."},{"key":"bibr21-1753193411421418","unstructured":"Testut L. Trait\u00e9 d\u2019anatomie humaine, 4th Edn. Paris: Octave et Dion, 1899, p. 176."},{"key":"bibr22-1753193411421418","first-page":"359","volume":"63","author":"Ulgen BO","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"bibr23-1753193411421418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162200000281"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1753193411421418","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1753193411421418","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1753193411421418","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:45:00Z","timestamp":1777502700000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1753193411421418"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,10]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1753193411421418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1753193411421418","relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-1934","2043-6289"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-1934","type":"print"},{"value":"2043-6289","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,10]]}}}