{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:47:47Z","timestamp":1792792067599,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]],"date-time":"2016-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469664000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Hand Surg Eur Vol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Kirschner wires are widely used for skeletal fixation of unstable fractures, but the pin tracks create a potential pathway through the skin and into the bone for bacteria to cause an infection. We tested the null hypothesis that there are no demographic, patient-related, injury, or treatment variables independently associated with the occurrence of pin site infection after percutaneous fixation of hand and wrist fractures using Kirschner wires. A retrospective review of 1213 patients with one or more fractures of the hand and wrist treated with percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation identified 85 patients (7%) who had additional treatment with oral antibiotics, early pin removal, or reoperation related to a pin site infection. We found no factors were independently associated with higher or lower risks of pin site infection in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Pin site infections \u2013 most benign \u2013 occur in a notable number of patients and we could not identify any modifiable risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Level of Evidence: III<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193416661280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,27]],"date-time":"2016-07-27T22:39:05Z","timestamp":1469659145000},"page":"990-994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Kirschner wire pin site infection in hand and wrist fractures: incidence rate and risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"W. F.","family":"van Leeuwen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. T. J. A.","family":"van Hoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Ring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1753193416661280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199203000-00025"},{"key":"bibr2-1753193416661280","first-page":"41","volume":"88","author":"Bryant D","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"bibr3-1753193416661280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.08.005"},{"key":"bibr4-1753193416661280","first-page":"1","volume":"76","author":"Franssen BB","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"bibr5-1753193416661280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.08.002"},{"key":"bibr6-1753193416661280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.10.038"},{"key":"bibr7-1753193416661280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHSB.2004.03.003"},{"key":"bibr8-1753193416661280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.11.012"},{"key":"bibr9-1753193416661280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.01.023"},{"key":"bibr10-1753193416661280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/230949901001800119"},{"key":"bibr11-1753193416661280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-015-2849-9"},{"key":"bibr12-1753193416661280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.97B7.35493"},{"key":"bibr13-1753193416661280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193411431048"},{"key":"bibr14-1753193416661280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004020100279"},{"key":"bibr15-1753193416661280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BTH.0b013e31824b9ab0"},{"key":"bibr16-1753193416661280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934097321"},{"key":"bibr17-1753193416661280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2013.02.007"},{"key":"bibr18-1753193416661280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193416641590"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1753193416661280","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1753193416661280","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1753193416661280","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:47:38Z","timestamp":1777502858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1753193416661280"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1753193416661280"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1753193416661280","relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-1934","2043-6289"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-1934","type":"print"},{"value":"2043-6289","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]]}}}