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This review explores the reasons for this change after nearly 50 years of using the Swanson classification. In particular, it documents the state of our understanding regarding genetics and limb development at the time Swanson generated his classification. It also describes the continued progress in clinical genetics and developmental biology. Such progress drives the need to embrace and incorporate these changes within a new classification scheme; one that will improve communication, diagnosis, and support further discovery of the pathogenesis of congenital hand anomalies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193418801280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:43:29Z","timestamp":1538354609000},"page":"4-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Classification of congenital upper limb anomalies: towards improved communication, diagnosis, and discovery"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Kerby C.","family":"Oberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1753193418801280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193413484671"},{"key":"bibr2-1753193418801280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193413496945"},{"key":"bibr3-1753193418801280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193414542400"},{"key":"bibr4-1753193418801280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Qattan MM. 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