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After appropriate evaluation, as well as determining the goals of surgery, deformity correction can be achieved through single-event, multi-level surgery. Surgery includes a combination of soft tissue lengthening, tendon transfer, and joint stabilization procedures. Surgical treatment for shoulder adduction\/internal rotation, elbow flexion, forearm pronation, wrist flexion, thumb-in-palm, and clenched fist deformities due to spasticity are discussed, and treatment outcomes are reviewed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193419878973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]],"date-time":"2019-10-09T04:17:37Z","timestamp":1570594657000},"page":"34-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Preferred options and evidence for upper limb surgery for spasticity in cerebral palsy, stroke, and brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Geneva V.","family":"Tranchida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Van Heest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1753193419878973","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000380","volume":"35","author":"Alewijnse JV","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"bibr2-1753193419878973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.10.043"},{"key":"bibr3-1753193419878973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2018.06.001"},{"key":"bibr4-1753193419878973","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beutel BG, Marascalchi BJ, Melamed E. 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