{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:03:07Z","timestamp":1777852987175,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678924800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Hand Surg Eur Vol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we studied historical case notes to examine nomenclature of congenital upper limb anomalies and explore the changes in terminologies over time. Original diagnoses were reclassified according to previously published classifications and the most recent Oberg, Manske and Tonkin system. Two hundred and thirty-eight case notes were obtained from the period 1961\u20131991. Hand plate malformations where the diagnosis was obvious or traumatic defects, were excluded. Eighty-six cases (106 extremities) were finally included where an ambiguous diagnosis, such as \u2018congenital absence\u2019 was initially given. None of the re-classifications matched the original diagnoses except for cleft hand and radial dysplasia ( n\u2009=\u200931). Eighteen phocomelia-type limbs were re-classifiable when seen as a continuum of longitudinal deficiency, but not as an intercalary deficit. This study provided further insights into the evolving nature of nomenclature in congenital upper limb anomalies, especially for the condition of phocomelia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Level of evidence: IV<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934231160400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T02:27:08Z","timestamp":1679020028000},"page":"1159-1167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Re-examining the nomenclature of congenital failure of formation in the upper limb: a historical perspective"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0480-4634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia C. H.","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"McGee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic Surgery Department, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh"},{"name":"St John's Hospital, Livingston, West Lothian, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Hooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retired, St John's Hospital, Livingston, West Lothian, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wee Leon","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh, UK"},{"name":"Plastic Surgery Department, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh"},{"name":"St John's Hospital, Livingston, West Lothian, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17531934231160400","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Congenital deformities of the upper extremities","author":"Birch-Jensen A.","year":"1949"},{"key":"bibr2-17531934231160400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196143080-00012"},{"key":"bibr3-17531934231160400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2020.01.002"},{"key":"bibr4-17531934231160400","first-page":"2639","volume":"87","author":"Goldfarb CA","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"bibr5-17531934231160400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197759010-00001"},{"key":"bibr6-17531934231160400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000890202"},{"key":"bibr7-17531934231160400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1054\/JHSB.2002.0803","volume":"27","author":"Robins R","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"key":"bibr8-17531934231160400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934221107264"},{"key":"bibr9-17531934231160400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(76)80021-4"},{"key":"bibr10-17531934231160400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(65)80077-0"},{"key":"bibr11-17531934231160400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(02)00392-3"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17531934231160400","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17531934231160400","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17531934231160400","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:46:27Z","timestamp":1777502787000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17531934231160400"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17531934231160400"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17531934231160400","relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-1934","2043-6289"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-1934","type":"print"},{"value":"2043-6289","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]}}}