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Despite its withdrawal from the market in November 1961, novel discoveries have meant thalidomide is licensed again and currently still in use to treat a variety of conditions, including inflammatory disorders and some cancers. Yet, if not used safely, thalidomide still has the potential to cause damage to the embryo. Recent work identifying thalidomide analogues that retain clinical benefits yet without the harmful effects are showing great promise. Understanding the problems thalidomide survivors face as they age can allow surgeons to support their unique healthcare issues and translate these principles of care to other congenital upper limb differences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934231177425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T02:53:42Z","timestamp":1684983222000},"page":"699-709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Thalidomide upper limb embryopathy \u2013 pathogenesis, past and present management and future considerations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8027-114X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil","family":"Vargesson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Medical Sciences & Nutrition. Institute of Medical Sciences. University of Aberdeen. 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