{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T06:40:23Z","timestamp":1778740823837,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Hand Surg Eur Vol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Early repair of flexor tendon injuries is ideal, but delays are common. We studied the outcomes of flexor tendon repairs delayed from 5 days to 6 months and carried out under wide-awake local anaesthesia with no tourniquet (WALANT). Twenty-four patients (29 fingers) who underwent primary flexor tendon repair on zone II using a four- to six-strand core suture technique, followed by controlled early active motion therapy. Clinical assessments, including total active motion (TAM) and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, were made 6, 8 and 12 weeks after operation. All outcomes improved significantly over time. At the final assessment, 93% of fingers showed excellent TAM outcomes. Extension deficit was between 5\u00b0 and 20\u00b0 in eight of 26 fingers. The results of this study suggest that delayed primary flexor tendon repair under WALANT can achieve excellent functional outcomes, although longer follow-up is needed for extension deficit recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Level of evidence:<\/jats:bold>\n                    IV\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934251315039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T14:07:32Z","timestamp":1738246052000},"page":"1062-1067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Delayed primary flexor tendon repair in zone II injuries: results of using WALANT and controlled true active motion"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Zeynep","family":"Emir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3943-5365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sedanur","family":"G\u00fcng\u00f6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Institute of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kadir","family":"\u00c7evik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ba\u015fak\u015fehir \u00c7am ve Sakura City Hospital, \u0130stanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Egemen","family":"Ayhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ba\u015fak\u015fehir \u00c7am ve Sakura City Hospital, \u0130stanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003432"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/230949900601400214"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire","volume":"17","author":"D\u00fcger T","year":"2006","unstructured":"D\u00fcger T, Yakut E, \u00d6ks\u00fcz \u00c7, et\u00a0al. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. Turk J Physiotherap Rehabil. 2006, 17: 99\u2013107.","journal-title":"Turk J Physiotherap Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00238-020-01694-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2017.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","first-page":"423","article-title":"Case studies on the impact of repair delay in flexor tendon injuries","volume":"44","author":"Kendrick BJL.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kendrick BJL. Case studies on the impact of repair delay in flexor tendon injuries. J Hand Surg Eur. 2019, 44: 423\u20138.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"The effect of delay on flexor tendon repair outcomes: individual case reports","volume":"140","author":"Lalonde DH.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lalonde DH. The effect of delay on flexor tendon repair outcomes: individual case reports. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017, 140: 12\u201319.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000000756"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2013.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","first-page":"402","article-title":"Wide awake flexor tendon repair: contemporary approaches with early active motion","volume":"44","author":"Lalonde DH","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lalonde DH, Tang JB. Wide awake flexor tendon repair: contemporary approaches with early active motion. 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