{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:03:57Z","timestamp":1777853037572,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739318400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Hand Surg Eur Vol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this investigation was to investigate short finger and cleft type symbrachydactyly to identify the defining features of these two subtypes. This retrospective study extracted data from the Congenital Upper Limb Differences (CoULD) Registry. Five paediatric hand surgeons reviewed photographs and radiographic imaging to evaluate the characteristics of each subtype and the reliability of diagnosis and evaluated the recorded diagnosis in the registry. Final analysis included 50 short finger and 54 cleft type  symbrachydactyly. Key characteristic patterns were identified for each type, with further subdivision of subtypes with notable hypoplasia of the index or ring fingers or all digits. Consensus was obtained (inter-rater reliability 78%) and reliably applied for these unique subclassifications. While no clear trend in increasing severity was identified for these two subgroups of symbrachydactyly, this re-classification exercise provides clearer definition of the different subtypes and may give insight into the developmental biology of these conditions, predict future clinical function and guide surgical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Level of evidence:<\/jats:bold>\n                    IV\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934251318222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T21:16:26Z","timestamp":1739394986000},"page":"1054-1061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Revisiting short finger and cleft type symbrachydactyly subtype differentiation utilizing the congenital upper limb differences (CoULD) registry"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Emma","family":"Landes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles A.","family":"Goldfarb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriner\u2019s Hospital, Sacramento, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Bohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindley B.","family":"Wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"CoULD Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","volume-title":"Practical statistics for medical research","author":"Altman DG","year":"1999","unstructured":"Altman DG, Altman E. Practical statistics for medical research, Springer, 1999."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2017.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320230405"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","first-page":"123","article-title":"[Morphology and classification of symbrachydactylia]","volume":"3","author":"Blauth W","year":"1971","unstructured":"Blauth W, Gekeler J. [Morphology and classification of symbrachydactylia]. Handchirurgie. 1971, 3: 123\u20138.","journal-title":"Handchirurgie"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193414526334"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1297-3203(00)73475-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944715614857"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","volume-title":"The growing hand: Diagnosis and management of the upper extremity in children","author":"Gupta A","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gupta A, Kay SPJ, Scheker LR. The growing hand: Diagnosis and management of the upper extremity in children, Mosby, 2000."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.09.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681_89_90088-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193416641590"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.06.114"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Congenital malformations of the hand and forearm","author":"Yamauchi Y","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yamauchi Y, Tanabu S. Symbrachydactyly. In: Buck-Gramcko D (ed.) Congenital malformations of the hand and forearm, Churchill Livingstone, 1998: 149\u201358."}],"container-title":["Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17531934251318222","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17531934251318222","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17531934251318222","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:47:09Z","timestamp":1777502829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17531934251318222"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17531934251318222"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17531934251318222","relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-1934","2043-6289"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-1934","type":"print"},{"value":"2043-6289","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]}}}