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The historical development, theorized mechanisms and clinical applications of these orthobiologics are explored, focussing on their effectiveness in fracture non-unions, osteoarthritis and tendinopathies. The evidence for bone healing shows promising results, particularly for MSCs and BMP in the treatment of non-unions. However, despite preclinical evidence of regenerative abilities of PRP and MSCs, the clinical trials do not support their use for tendinopathies or osteoarthritis. 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