{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:04:04Z","timestamp":1777853044902,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Hand Surg Eur Vol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Abduction is one of the important shoulder functions that may be limited after an obstetric brachial plexus injury. We investigated the progress of spontaneous recovery of active abduction in a cohort of 68 conservatively treated obstetric brachial plexus injury patients without full recovery and with less than 90\u00b0 abduction at 3 months. Of these 65 (96%) recovered at least 90\u00b0 and 32 (47%) a full 170\u00b0 of abduction. The median age of recovery to 90\u00b0 was 9 months (IQR 7\u201312, range 5\u201365 and to 170\u00b0 24 months (IQR 12\u201336, range 5\u201384). The presence of active antigravity elbow flexion \u226590\u00b0 at 4 months was not associated with recovery of abduction. The results suggest that most obstetric brachial plexus injury patients with isolated absent or slowly recovering shoulder movements recover at least 90\u00b0 of abduction. In patients with absent or weak abduction, and otherwise satisfactory spontaneous recovery, surgical interventions should not be considered before 1 year of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Level of evidence:<\/jats:bold>\n                    III\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934251327083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T08:26:19Z","timestamp":1743063979000},"page":"1201-1208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spontaneous recovery of shoulder abduction in obstetric brachial plexus injury patients with less than horizontal abduction at 3 months"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2460-3593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Hyttinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrikki","family":"R\u00f6nkk\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pasi","family":"Paavilainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pihlajalinna Hospital, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6153-2180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jarkko","family":"Jokihaara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"},{"name":"Division of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002409"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jssh.2003.50008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.74B6.1447254"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001089"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-009-0208-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934211056998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12903"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00455.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199609000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","article-title":"Spontaneous recovery of active shoulder external rotation in patients with brachial plexus birth injury","author":"Hyttinen M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hyttinen M, R\u00f6nkk\u00f6 H, Paavilainen P, Helminen M, Jokihaara J. Spontaneous recovery of active shoulder external rotation in patients with brachial plexus birth injury. 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