{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:02:30Z","timestamp":1791252150561,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,30]],"date-time":"2009-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1256860800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Innate Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human odontoblasts trigger immune response s to oral bacteria that invade dental tissues during the caries process. To date, their ability to regulate the expression of the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing receptor NOD2 when challenged by Gram-positive bacteria is unknown. In this study, we investigated NOD2 expression in healthy and inflamed human dental pulps challenged by bacteria, and in cultured odontoblast-like cells stimulated with lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 agonist which is specific for Gram-positive bacteria. We found that NOD2 gene expression was significantly up-regulated in pulps with acute inflammation compared to healthy ones. In vitro, LTA augmented NOD2 gene expression and protein level in odontoblast-like cells. The increase was more pronounced in odontoblast-like cells compared to dental pulp fibroblasts. Blocking experiments in odontoblast-like cells with anti-TLR2 antibody strongly reduced the NOD2 gene expression increase, whereas stimulation with the synthetic TLR2 ligand Pam\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    CSK\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    confirmed NOD2 gene up-regulation following TLR2 engagement. These data suggest that NOD2 up-regulation is part of the odontoblast immune response to Gram-positive bacteria and might be important in protecting human dental pulp from the deleterious effects of cariogenic pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425909348527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,30]],"date-time":"2009-10-30T21:55:05Z","timestamp":1256939705000},"page":"29-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Expression of NOD2 is increased in inflamed human dental pulps and lipoteichoic acid-stimulated odontoblast-like cells"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Keller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, Institut de G\u00e9nomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR5242, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, Groupe Odontoblastes et R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration des Tissus Dentaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Carrouel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, Institut de G\u00e9nomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR5242, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, Groupe Odontoblastes et R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration des Tissus Dentaires"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Jeanne","family":"Staquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, Institut de G\u00e9nomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR5242, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, Groupe Odontoblastes et R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration des Tissus Dentaires, Institut F\u00e9d\u00e9ratif Biosciences Gerland Lyon Sud, Facult\u00e9 d'Odontologie, Lyon, France,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Kufer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Baudouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoires Expanscience, D\u00e9partement Innovation, Recherche et D\u00e9veloppement, Epernon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Msika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoires Expanscience, D\u00e9partement Innovation, Recherche et D\u00e9veloppement, Epernon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Bleicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, Institut de G\u00e9nomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR5242, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, Groupe Odontoblastes et R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration des Tissus Dentaires"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Farges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, Institut de G\u00e9nomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR5242, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, Groupe Odontoblastes et R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration des Tissus Dentaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Lyon, 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