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We have studied the expression of these proteins in cervical biopsy tissues and cervical cancer-derived cell lines HeLa, CaSki, SiHa, C-33\u2009A, and ME180. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated an increase in integrin \u03b1v, \u03b23, \u03b24, and \u03b26 expression in the epithelium during the development of cervical cancer. A clear trend towards higher expression of integrin \u03b26 in cell lines harbouring human papillomavirus (HPV) genetic material, compared to HPV-negative C-33\u2009A, was observed. To investigate whether bacterial infection can alter the expression of TLRs and integrins, we infected HeLa cells by two pathogens, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using a common bacterium of the female genital tract, Lactobacillus reuteri, as a control. Infection with E. coli or P. aeruginosa, but not with L. reuteri, significantly altered the expression of TLR and integrins, particularly of TLR4 and integrin \u03b26. Considering that both integrin \u03b26 and TLR4 play important roles in tumorigenesis, our data suggest that bacterial infection may trigger cancer development in HPV-infected cervical epithelium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425910392934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,14]],"date-time":"2011-01-14T20:49:24Z","timestamp":1295038164000},"page":"55-69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Expression of integrins and Toll-like receptors in cervical cancer: Effect of infectious agents"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jeff","family":"Werner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Correne A","family":"DeCarlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Probe Development and Biomarker 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