{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:12:08Z","timestamp":1791321128386,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,14]],"date-time":"2013-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Innate Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Leishmania parasites induce an immunomodulation by subverting the host immune response towards a CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Th2 lymphocytic cell response that favors parasite persistence. Here, we report that after successful treatment of visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum, an immune reconstitution syndrome revealing hip septic arthritis was associated with a switch from Th2 towards a Th1 cytokine profile, and a decrease in the level of immunomodulating factors, such as soluble HLA-G and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity. We then measured IDO activity in a cohort of 39 patients and uninfected control subjects. Results showed significantly enhanced IDO activity in patients with visceral Leishmania infection, compared with uninfected control subjects ( P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), but also compared with treated patients ( P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). A decrease in IDO activity could constitute a relevant biomarker for the restoration of the immune response during visceral leishmaniasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425912473170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,14]],"date-time":"2013-02-14T22:47:28Z","timestamp":1360882048000},"page":"564-568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity as a potential biomarker of immune suppression during visceral leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Gangneux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U 1085 \u2013 IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Sant\u00e9, Environnement et Travail), Universit\u00e9 Rennes 1, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Poinsignon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Bretagne Sud, Vannes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovic","family":"Donaghy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Amiot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U 1085 \u2013 IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Sant\u00e9, Environnement et Travail), Universit\u00e9 Rennes 1, France"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement d\u2019H\u00e9mato-Immunologie et Th\u00e9rapie Cellulaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 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