{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:40:21Z","timestamp":1791333621959,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,19]],"date-time":"2013-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1376870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Innate Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>APCs of the ocular surface, including corneal Langerhans cells (LCs), offer the opportunity to gain insight into the activity of innate immunity. We examined corneal LCs and dry eye parameters in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Twenty-four AS patients with varying degrees of disease activity and 24 healthy participants were enrolled. Central and peripheral LC numbers, and Langerhans cell morphology (LCM) were assessed with in\u00a0vivo laser confocal microscopy. In addition, ocular surface disease index, lid parallel conjunctival folds, tear break up time, and Schirmer test were evaluated. LC densities and central LCM were greater in AS patients than in the controls. Moreover, LCM was significantly greater in patients with higher systemic inflammation according to elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). Also, tear production was greatly suppressed in patients with more severe onset of the systemic inflammation according to the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index and elevated CRP. Greater corneal LC density and LCM in AS may reflect an increased activation state of the innate immune system of the cornea in AS, which correlates with the systemic activity of AS even without ocular symptoms. Nonetheless, higher systemic inflammation might impair tear production, and it might partly explain the dry eye mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425913498912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,20]],"date-time":"2013-08-20T01:02:34Z","timestamp":1376960554000},"page":"471-477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Corneal Langerhans cell and dry eye examinations in ankylosing spondylitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Marsovszky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e1nos","family":"N\u00e9meth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikl\u00f3s D","family":"Resch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gergely","family":"Toldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N\u00f3ra","family":"Leg\u00e1ny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Kov\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Balog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1753425913498912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60635-7"},{"key":"bibr2-1753425913498912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2010.05.008"},{"key":"bibr3-1753425913498912","first-page":"2226","volume":"31","author":"Linder R","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr4-1753425913498912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.07.011"},{"key":"bibr5-1753425913498912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-006-0255-9"},{"key":"bibr6-1753425913498912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X12458372"},{"key":"bibr7-1753425913498912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101442"},{"key":"bibr8-1753425913498912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3629"},{"key":"bibr9-1753425913498912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marsovszky L, Resch MD, N\u00e9meth J, et\u00a0al. In\u00a0vivo confocal microscopic evaluation of corneal Langerhans cell density, and distribution and evaluation of dry eye in rheumatoid arthritis.\n                      Innate Immun\n                      . 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Inflammation in dry eye associated with rheumatoid arthritis: Cytokine and in\u00a0vivo confocal microscopy study.\n                      Innate Immun\n                      . 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