{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:39:11Z","timestamp":1791275951053,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,29]],"date-time":"2015-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448755200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Innate Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Gram-positive Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus or GAS) is a major skin pathogen and interacts with keratinocytes in cutaneous tissues. GAS can cause diverse suppurative and inflammatory infections, such as cellulitis, a common acute bacterial dermo-hypodermitis with a high morbidity. Bacterial isolation yields from the lesions are low despite the strong local inflammation observed, raising numerous questions about the pathogenesis of the infection. Using an in\u00a0vitro model of GAS-infected keratinocytes, we show that the major ROS produced is the superoxide anion ([Formula: see text]), and that its production is time- and dose-dependent. Using specific modulators of ROS production, we show that [Formula: see text] is mainly synthesized by the cytoplasmic NADPH oxidase. Superoxide anion production leads to keratinocyte necrosis but incomplete inhibition of GAS growth, suggesting that GAS may be partially resistant to the oxidative burst. In conclusion, GAS-stimulated keratinocytes are able to develop an innate immune response based on the production of ROS. This local immune response limits GAS development and induces keratinocyte cell death, resulting in the skin lesions observed in patients with cellulitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425915619476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]],"date-time":"2015-11-30T20:07:57Z","timestamp":1448914077000},"page":"113-123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Superoxide anions produced by\n                    <i>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/i>\n                    group A-stimulated keratinocytes are responsible for cellular necrosis and bacterial growth inhibition"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Elodie","family":"Regnier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe A","family":"Grange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Ollagnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Crickx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laetitia","family":"Elie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Chouzenoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Paris, France"},{"name":"Service d'Immunologie Biologique, H\u00f4pital Cochin-Pavillon Achard, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Weill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Paris, France"},{"name":"Service d'Immunologie Biologique, H\u00f4pital Cochin-Pavillon Achard, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Plainvert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Paris, France"},{"name":"Service de Bact\u00e9riologie, Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Streptocoques, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Centre Cochin-H\u00f4tel Dieu-Broca, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Poyart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Paris, France"},{"name":"Service de Bact\u00e9riologie, Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Streptocoques, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Centre Cochin-H\u00f4tel Dieu-Broca, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Batteux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Paris, France"},{"name":"Service d'Immunologie Biologique, H\u00f4pital Cochin-Pavillon Achard, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Dupin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Paris, France"},{"name":"Service de Dermatologie-V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9ologie, H\u00f4pital Cochin-Pavillon Tarnier, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02155-08"},{"key":"bibr2-1753425915619476","first-page":"312","volume":"128","author":"Dupuy A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"bibr3-1753425915619476","first-page":"317","volume":"128","author":"Denis F","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"bibr4-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI680"},{"key":"bibr5-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.25.12115"},{"key":"bibr6-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515589"},{"key":"bibr7-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2005.05.006"},{"key":"bibr8-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.7.2489"},{"key":"bibr9-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.050587897"},{"key":"bibr10-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2004.00497.x"},{"key":"bibr11-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00109-08"},{"key":"bibr12-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.13.6172"},{"key":"bibr13-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117463"},{"key":"bibr14-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.202671"},{"key":"bibr15-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.2.771-776.1998"},{"key":"bibr16-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2005.02122.x"},{"key":"bibr17-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2006.01.002"},{"key":"bibr18-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M802848200"},{"key":"bibr19-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.6.2119-2126.1997"},{"key":"bibr20-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.2006.00333.x"},{"key":"bibr21-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000527"},{"key":"bibr22-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00070-11"},{"key":"bibr23-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.106.3.761"},{"key":"bibr24-1753425915619476","first-page":"1","volume":"368","author":"Ralph AP","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"bibr25-1753425915619476","first-page":"119","volume":"66","author":"Stulberg DL","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"bibr26-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07814.x"},{"key":"bibr27-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2011.02375.x"},{"key":"bibr28-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000329550"},{"key":"bibr29-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0463.2000.d01-99.x"},{"key":"bibr30-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2010.01435.x"},{"key":"bibr31-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00181-07"},{"key":"bibr32-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12561.x"},{"key":"bibr33-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2009.01285.x"},{"key":"bibr34-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.9.4334-4339.1999"},{"key":"bibr35-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156652408784221306"},{"key":"bibr36-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000430498"},{"key":"bibr37-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.1.352-358.2004"},{"key":"bibr38-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2009.09.002"},{"key":"bibr39-1753425915619476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.15.4688-4695.1996"}],"container-title":["Innate Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1753425915619476","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1753425915619476","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1753425915619476","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:02:14Z","timestamp":1777460534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1753425915619476"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,29]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1753425915619476"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1753425915619476","relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-4259","1753-4267"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-4259","type":"print"},{"value":"1753-4267","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,29]]}}}