{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:00:12Z","timestamp":1792069212422,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DC008671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DC008671"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Innate Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a common respiratory pathogen and a frequent cause of acute otitis media (AOM) in children. The first step in bacterial pathogenesis of AOM is the establishment of asymptomatic colonization in the nasopharynx. We studied Spn bacterial burden in conjunction with neutrophil recruitment and inflammatory gene transcription and cytokine secretion in samples of nasal wash collected from normal and otitis-prone children during health, viral upper respiratory infection without middle ear involvement (URI) and AOM. We found no significant associations between otitis-prone status and any of the measured parameters. However, Spn bacterial burden was significantly correlated with neutrophil recruitment, transcription of IL-8, TNF-\u03b1 and SOD2, and secretion of TNF-\u03b1. We also found that transcription of IL-8 and TNF-\u03b1 mRNA by neutrophils was significantly correlated with the secretion of these cytokines into the nasopharynx. We conclude that Spn bacterial burden in the NP is a major determinant of neutrophil recruitment to the NP and activity during URI and AOM, and that neutrophils are contributors to the secretion of IL-8 and TNF-\u03b1 in the NP when the Spn burden is high.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425917737825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]],"date-time":"2017-11-08T00:32:07Z","timestamp":1510101127000},"page":"667-677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    burden and nasopharyngeal inflammation during acute otitis media"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Matthew C","family":"Morris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E","family":"Pichichero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1753425917737825","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24190"},{"key":"bibr2-1753425917737825","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3182862b57"},{"key":"bibr3-1753425917737825","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-1475-7"},{"key":"bibr4-1753425917737825","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31828d9acc"},{"key":"bibr5-1753425917737825","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv761"},{"key":"bibr6-1753425917737825","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000381724"},{"key":"bibr7-1753425917737825","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00006-14"},{"key":"bibr8-1753425917737825","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02251-14"},{"key":"bibr9-1753425917737825","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025558"},{"key":"bibr10-1753425917737825","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000184"},{"key":"bibr11-1753425917737825","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3555"},{"key":"bibr12-1753425917737825","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12660"},{"key":"bibr13-1753425917737825","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix090"},{"key":"bibr14-1753425917737825","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.09.043"},{"key":"bibr15-1753425917737825","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31826f6144"},{"key":"bibr16-1753425917737825","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-015-0585-2"},{"key":"bibr17-1753425917737825","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425917693907"},{"key":"bibr18-1753425917737825","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6815-6-10"},{"key":"bibr19-1753425917737825","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2017.04.010"},{"key":"bibr20-1753425917737825","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.10.3446-3451.2001"},{"key":"bibr21-1753425917737825","unstructured":"R Core Team. 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