{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T06:12:24Z","timestamp":1789711944914,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553040000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Innate Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Neisseria meningitidis infections in sub-Saharan Africa usually present with distinct symptoms of meningitis but very rarely as fulminant septicemia when reaching hospitals. In Europe, development of persistent meningococcal shock and multiple organ failure occurs in up to 30% of patients and is associated with a bacterial load of &gt;10\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/ml plasma or serum. We have prospectively studied 27 Ethiopian patients with meningococcal infection as diagnosed and quantified with real-time PCR in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. All presented with symptoms of meningitis and none with fulminant septicemia. The median N. meningitidis copy number (NmDNA) in serum was &lt;\u20093.5\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/ml, never exceeded 1.8\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/ml, and was always 10\u20131000 times higher in CSF than in serum. The levels of LPS in CSF as determined by the limulus amebocyte lysate assay were positively correlated to NmDNA copy number ( r\u2009=\u20090.45, P\u2009=\u20090.030), levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist, ( r\u2009=\u20090.46, P\u2009=\u20090.017), and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9; r\u2009=\u20090.009). We also compared the inflammatory profiles of 19 mediators in CSF of the 26 meningococcal patients (2 died and 2 had immediate severe sequelae) with 16 patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis (3 died and 3 with immediate severe sequelae). Of 19 inflammatory mediators tested, 9 were significantly higher in patients with pneumococcal meningitis and possibly linked to worse outcome.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425918806363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T21:33:00Z","timestamp":1553117580000},"page":"158-167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Molecular studies of meningococcal and pneumococcal meningitis patients in Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Wude","family":"Mihret","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial and Cellular Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia"},{"name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berit","family":"Sletbakk Brusletto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reidun","family":"\u00d8vsteb\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Siebke Troseid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnstein","family":"Norheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yared","family":"Merid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawassa University, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afework","family":"Kassu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawassa University, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Workeabeba","family":"Abebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Ayele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mezgebu","family":"Silamsaw Asres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Yamuah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Aseffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beyene","family":"Petros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique A.","family":"Caugant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petter","family":"Brandtzaeg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1753425918806363","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2201.150432"},{"key":"bibr2-1753425918806363","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-7-47"},{"key":"bibr3-1753425918806363","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-22"},{"key":"bibr4-1753425918806363","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Methods in Molecular in Biology; 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Meningococcal disease as a problem of the special intensive care unit for patients with infectious diseases. In: Evans JE, Yost SE, Maiden MCJ, Feavers IM, et\u00a0al. (eds)\n                      Proceedings Neisseria 94\n                      . 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