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Here, we observed obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells in S. japonicum-infected C57BL\/6 mouse lungs. Expression and release of IFN-\u03b3, IL-4, and IL-17 were significantly higher in pulmonary lymphocytes from infected mice compared with control mice in response to anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 mAbs. Higher percentages of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 were expressed on such lymphocytes, and the TLR agonists PGN, Poly I:C, LPS, and R848 induced a higher level of IFN-\u03b3. However, a higher level of IL-4 was found in the supernatant of pulmonary lymphocytes from infected mice stimulated by these TLR agonists plus CD3 Ab. Only R848 plus anti-CD3 mAb could induce a higher level of IFN-\u03b3 in such lymphocytes. TLR expressions were then compared on different pulmonary lymphocytes after infection, including T cells, B cells, NK cells, NKT cells, and \u03b3\u03b4T cells. The expression levels of TLR3 on T cells, B cells, NK cells, and \u03b3\u03b4T cells were increased in the lungs after infection. NK cells also expressed higher levels of TLR4 after infection of control mice. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential role of TLR expression in the context of S. japonicum infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425919840424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T23:48:16Z","timestamp":1556149696000},"page":"224-234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Expression of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 on pulmonary lymphocytes of\n                    <i>Schistosoma japonicum<\/i>\n                    -infected C57BL\/6 mice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9471-6426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dianhui","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, 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