{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T14:22:53Z","timestamp":1777731773698,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National 13th Five-Year Grand Program on Key Infectious Disease Control","award":["2017ZX10202101-004-001 to T.Z."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZX10202101-004-001 to T.Z."]}]},{"name":"the National 13th Five-Year Grand Program on Key Infectious Disease Control","award":["2017ZX10202102-005-003 to B.S."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZX10202102-005-003 to B.S."]}]},{"name":"the National 13th Five-Year Grand Program on Key Infectious Disease Control","award":["2018ZX10715-005-002-002 to C.G."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZX10715-005-002-002 to C.G."]}]},{"name":"the NSFC-NIH Biomedical collaborative research program","award":["81761128001 to H.W."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81761128001 to H.W."]}]},{"name":"the Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV\/AIDS Research","award":["BZ0089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BZ0089"]}]},{"name":"the Beijing Municipal of Science and Technology Major Project","award":["D161100000416003 to H.W."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D161100000416003 to H.W."]}]},{"name":"the Beijing Municipal of Science and Technology Major Project","award":["D161100000416005 to C.G."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D161100000416005 to C.G."]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81571973 to H.W."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81571973 to H.W."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81772165 and 81974303 to B.S."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81772165 and 81974303 to B.S."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Innate Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Syphilis is an important health problem worldwide; however, few studies have probed the impact of syphilitic infection on T cell turnover. The mechanisms behind the frequency of T cell subset changes and the associations between these subsets during syphilitic infection remain unclear. Herein, we used a cell-staining method and flow cytometry to explore changes in T cell subpopulations and potential contribution of apoptosis and pyroptosis that triggered therein. We investigated caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis and caspase-3-mediated apoptosis of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, the major effector lymphocytes with pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. We found that the levels of caspase-1 and caspase-3 increased in both the circulation and intracellularly in CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells. Caspase-1 showed a continual increase from early latent stage infection through to phase 2 disease, whereas caspase-3 increased through to phase 1 disease but declined during phase 2. In addition, serum levels and intracellular expression of caspase-1 and caspase-3 were positively correlated. Overall, this study increases our understanding of how syphilitic infection influences CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T-cell turnover, which may help with designing novel and effective strategies to control syphilis infection and prevent its transmission.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425920952840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T00:39:56Z","timestamp":1599007196000},"page":"99-106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Syphilitic infection impairs immunity by inducing both apoptosis and pyroptosis of CD4\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T lymphocytes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV\/AIDS Research, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinxue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Fangshan District, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV\/AIDS Research, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanmei","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of the General Hospital of PLA, China  *Wei Xia and Jinxue Zhao contributed equally to the article."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjia","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caiping","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV\/AIDS Research, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV\/AIDS Research, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanqing","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1548-192X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaicun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1753425920952840","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.73"},{"key":"bibr2-1753425920952840","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32411-4"},{"key":"bibr3-1753425920952840","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy348"},{"key":"bibr4-1753425920952840","author":"de Voux A","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"bibr5-1753425920952840","author":"Jansen K","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"bibr6-1753425920952840","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2015.990384"},{"issue":"10","key":"bibr7-1753425920952840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0138232","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138232","volume":"10","author":"Liu G","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS 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