{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T14:23:39Z","timestamp":1777731819410,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["247915558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["247915558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Innate Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is the most common respiratory pathogen in patients with chronic obstructive disease. Limited data is available investigating the impact of NTHi infections on cellular re-differentiation processes in the bronchial mucosa. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of stimulation with NTHi on the bronchial epithelium regarding cellular re-differentiation processes using primary bronchial epithelial cells harvested from infection-free patients undergoing bronchoscopy. The cells were then cultivated using an air-liquid interface and stimulated with NTHi and TGF-\u03b2. Markers of epithelial and mesenchymal cells were analyzed using immunofluorescence, Western blot and qRT-PCR. Stimulation with both NTHi and TGF-\u00df led to a marked increase in the expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin, while E-cadherin as an epithelial marker maintained a stable expression throughout the experiments. Furthermore, expression of collagen 4 and the matrix-metallopeptidases 2 and 9 were increased after stimulation, while the expression of tissue inhibitors of metallopeptidases was not affected by pathogen stimulation. In this study we show a direct pathogen-induced trans-differentiation of primary bronchial epithelial cells resulting in a co-localization of epithelial and mesenchymal markers and an up-regulation of extracellular matrix components.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425921994906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T12:39:28Z","timestamp":1614602368000},"page":"251-259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>Haemophilus influenza<\/i>\n                    e causes cellular trans-differentiation in human bronchial epithelia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8818-2309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Gl\u00f6ckner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Clinic III, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 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