{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T14:07:16Z","timestamp":1777730836998,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/N004590\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/N004590\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/P008461\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/P008461\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Innate Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of macrophage (M\u00d8) cellular metabolism and reprogramming during TB infection is of great interest due to the influence of Mycobacterium spp. on M\u00d8 bioenergetics. Recent studies have shown that M. tuberculosis induces a TLR2-dependent shift towards aerobic glycolysis, comparable to the established LPS induced pro-inflammatory M1 M\u00d8 polarisation. Distinct differences in the metabolic profile of murine and human M\u00d8 indicates species-specific differences in bioenergetics. So far, studies examining the metabolic potential of bovine M\u00d8 are lacking, thus the basic bioenergetics of bovine and human M\u00d8 were explored in response to a variety of innate immune stimuli. Cellular energy metabolism kinetics were measured concurrently for both species on a Seahorse XFe96 platform to generate bioenergetic profiles for the response to the bona-fide TLR2 and TLR4 ligands, FSL-1 and LPS respectively. Despite previous reports of species-specific differences in TLR signalling and cytokine production between human and bovine M\u00d8, we observed similar respiratory profiles for both species. Basal respiration remained constant between stimulated M\u00d8 and controls, whereas addition of TLR ligands induced increased glycolysis, as measured by the surrogate parameter ECAR. In contrast to M\u00d8 stimulation with M. tuberculosis PPD, another TLR2 ligand, M. bovis PPD treatment significantly enhanced basal respiration rates and glycolysis only in human M\u00d8. Respiratory profiling further revealed significant elevation of ATP-linked OCR and maximal respiration suggesting a strong OXPHOS activation upon M. bovis PPD stimulation in human M\u00d8. Our results provide an exploratory set of data elucidating the basic respiratory profile of bovine vs. human M\u00d8 that will not only lay the foundation for future studies to investigate host-tropism of the M. tuberculosis complex but may explain inflammatory differences observed for other zoonotic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17534259241296630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T03:21:31Z","timestamp":1732072891000},"page":"136-149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Respiratory bioenergetics is enhanced  in human, but not bovine macrophages  after exposure to\n                    <i>M. bovis<\/i>\n                    PPD:  Exploratory insights into overall  similar Cellular Metabolic Profiles"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Marie-Christine","family":"Bartens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vaccinology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Population Science, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK"},{"name":"Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Willcocks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5411-4044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"Werling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vaccinology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Population Science, Royal Veterinary 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