{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T14:07:22Z","timestamp":1777730842110,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF19OC0056326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF19OC0056326"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Innate Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four influenza pandemics have occurred during the past 100 years, and new variants of influenza viruses will continue to emerge. The nasal mucosa acts as the primary site of exposure to influenza A virus (IAV) infection, but viral recognition and host immune responses in the nasal mucosa are still poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the utility of non-invasive nasopharyngeal swabs for longitudinal monitoring of mucosal immune responses in pigs experimentally challenged with two swine-adapted and one human-adapted IAV. By tracking antiviral immune responses from disease onset to recovery, we sought to assess the feasibility of this method for capturing dynamic changes in viral load and host responses across different IAV strains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-two IAV-negative pigs were divided into four groups and housed separately for infection studies. Viral and host RNA from nasopharyngeal swabs was analyzed using microfluidic qPCR, while statistical analysis was performed with a Bayesian approach in R. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining was used to assess MUC5AC expression in the nasal mucosa of infected pigs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RNA was successfully isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs, enabling gene expression analysis to monitor innate immune responses to IAV infection. A classical innate antiviral immune response was demonstrated after the three virus infections including expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), transcription factors, interferons (IFNs), interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), cytokines, and chemokines. The kinetics and magnitude of immune responses varied between infections, with notable downregulation of mucins following infection with the Danish swine-adapted isolate. Further, the Danish isolate induced a fast but transient IFN-mediated response concurrent with high expression of cytokines and chemokines, while the other swine-adapted Mexican isolate induced a prolonged immune response of ISGs, cytokines, and chemokines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights the significance of highly translational nasopharyngeal swabs as a non-invasive method for assessing mucosal antiviral immune responses. Utilizing microfluidic mRNA analysis, we gained valuable insights into antiviral mucosal responses across 216 swab samples collected from viral inoculation through recovery in three distinct influenza virus infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17534259251331385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T09:39:27Z","timestamp":1743500367000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Tracking mucosal innate immune responses to three influenza A virus strains in a highly translational pig model using nasopharyngeal swabs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0477-7584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena A","family":"Laybourn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7912-172X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Copenhagen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders G","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4571-6822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Brogaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Copenhagen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Betina L","family":"Henriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chrysillis H","family":"Polhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2352-5726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramona","family":"Trebbien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statens Serum Institut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0730-5555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars E","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Copenhagen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5663-4879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerstin","family":"Skovgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"WHO. Fact Sheet Influenza (Seasonal) https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/influenza-(seasonal) (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(00)00160-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-434","article-title":"Distribution of sialic acid receptors and influenza A virus of avian and swine origin in experimentally infected pigs","volume":"8","author":"Trebbien R","year":"2011","unstructured":"Trebbien R, Larsen LE, Viuff BM. Distribution of sialic acid receptors and influenza A virus of avian and swine origin in experimentally infected pigs. Virol J 2011; 8: 1\u201314.","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.56.1.152-179.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4936","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02489-09","article-title":"Influenza H1N1 A\/solomon island\/3\/06 virus receptor binding specificity correlates with virus pathogenicity, antigenicity, and immunogenicity in ferrets","volume":"84","author":"Xu Q","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xu Q, Wang W, Cheng X, et al. Influenza H1N1 A\/solomon island\/3\/06 virus receptor binding specificity correlates with virus pathogenicity, antigenicity, and immunogenicity in ferrets. J Virol 2010; 84: 4936\u20134945.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006062"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2013.87","article-title":"Epidemiology, geographical distribution, and economic consequences of swine zoonoses: a narrative review","volume":"2","author":"Uddin Khan S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Uddin Khan S, Atanasova KR, Krueger WS, et al. Epidemiology, geographical distribution, and economic consequences of swine zoonoses: a narrative review. Emerg Microbes Infect 2013; 2: e92.","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ily009"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00240.2019","article-title":"Early studies on the surface epithelium of mammalian airways","volume":"317","author":"Widdicombe JH","year":"2019","unstructured":"Widdicombe JH. Early studies on the surface epithelium of mammalian airways. Am J Physiol - Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317: L486\u2013L495.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol - Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3665"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/v13102090","article-title":"Innate immune responses to influenza virus infections in the upper respiratory tract","volume":"13","author":"Mifsud EJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mifsud EJ, Kuba M, Barr IG. Innate immune responses to influenza virus infections in the upper respiratory tract. Viruses 2021; 13: 1\u201313.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20061445","article-title":"Differential regulation of type I and type III interferon signaling","volume":"20","author":"Stanifer ML","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stanifer ML, Pervolaraki K, Boulant S. Differential regulation of type I and type III interferon signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20: 1\u201322.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.978824","article-title":"Comprehensive single cell analysis of pandemic influenza A virus infection in the human airways uncovers cell-type specific host transcriptional signatures relevant for disease progression and pathogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Kelly JN","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kelly JN, Laloli L, V\u2019kovski P, et al. Comprehensive single cell analysis of pandemic influenza A virus infection in the human airways uncovers cell-type specific host transcriptional signatures relevant for disease progression and pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13: 1\u201322.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-010-1043-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1477"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.06.023","article-title":"Cytokine and chemokine profiles in lung tissues from fatal cases of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1): role of the host immune response in pathogenesis","volume":"183","author":"Gao R","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gao R, Bhatnagar J, Blau DM, et al. Cytokine and chemokine profiles in lung tissues from fatal cases of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1): role of the host immune response in pathogenesis. Am J Pathol 2013; 183: 1258\u20131268.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa387"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3182a14407","article-title":"Novel inflammatory markers, clinical risk factors, and virus type associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection","volume":"32","author":"Tabarani CM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tabarani CM, Bonville CA, Suryadevara M, et al. Novel inflammatory markers, clinical risk factors, and virus type associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32: e437\u2013e442.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/428855"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011838","article-title":"Experimental infection of pigs and ferrets with \u201cpre-pandemic,\u201d human-adapted, and swine- adapted variants of the H1N1pdm09 influenza A virus reveals significant differences in viral dynamics and pathological manifestations","volume":"19","author":"Kristensen C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kristensen C, Laybourn HA, Crumpton J, et al. Experimental infection of pigs and ferrets with \u201cpre-pandemic,\u201d human-adapted, and swine- adapted variants of the H1N1pdm09 influenza A virus reveals significant differences in viral dynamics and pathological manifestations. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19: e1011838.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.16777","article-title":"Origins of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic in swine in Mexico","volume":"5","author":"Mena I","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mena I, Nelson MI, Quezada-Monroy F, et al. Origins of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic in swine in Mexico. Elife 2016; 5: 1\u201321.","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson TK Macken CA Lewis NS et al. A phylogeny-based global Nomenclature system and automated annotation tool for H1 hemagglutinin genes from swine influenza A viruses. mSphere 2016; 1: e00275\u201316.","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00275-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa015"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4285"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vex042"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a118408"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425912473668"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2002-3-7-research0034"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-0496"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna Austria https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/ (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","unstructured":"Posit Team. RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R. Posit Software PBC. Boston MA http:\/\/www.posit.co\/ (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01686"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","unstructured":"Gabry J Mahr T. bayesplot: Plotting for Bayesian Models. R package version 1.9.0 https:\/\/mc-stan.org\/bayesplot\/ (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v076.i01"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","unstructured":"Stan Development Team. RStan: the R interface to Stan. R package version v2.26.13 http:\/\/mc-stan.org\/ (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11222-016-9696-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","unstructured":"Vehtari A Gabry J Magnusson M et al. loo: Efficient leave-one-out cross-validation and WAIC for Bayesian models. R package version 2.5.1 https:\/\/mc-stan.org\/loo\/ (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/rssa.12378","article-title":"Visualization in Bayesian workflow","volume":"182","author":"Gabry J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gabry J, Simpson D, Vehtari A, et al. Visualization in Bayesian workflow. J R Stat Soc 2019; 182: 389\u2013402.","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2005.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2018.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-44989-5","article-title":"Utility of nasal swabs for assessing mucosal immune responses towards SARS-CoV-2","volume":"13","author":"Roubidoux EK","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roubidoux EK, Brigleb PH, Vegesana K, et al. Utility of nasal swabs for assessing mucosal immune responses towards SARS-CoV-2. Sci Rep 2023; 13: 1\u201313.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19587-y","article-title":"Upper airway gene expression reveals suppressed immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 compared with other respiratory viruses","volume":"11","author":"Mick E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mick E, Kamm J, Pisco AO, et al. Upper airway gene expression reveals suppressed immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 compared with other respiratory viruses. Nat Commun 2020; 11: 1\u20137.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix519","article-title":"Host transcription profile in nasal epithelium and whole blood of hospitalized children under 2 years of age with respiratory syncytial virus infection","volume":"217","author":"Do LAH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Do LAH, Pellet J, Rogier Van Doorn H, et al. Host transcription profile in nasal epithelium and whole blood of hospitalized children under 2 years of age with respiratory syncytial virus infection. J Infect Dis 2018; 217: 134\u2013146.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy608"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00085614","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal gene expression, a novel approach to study the course of respiratory syncytial virus infection","volume":"45","author":"van den Kieboom CH","year":"2015","unstructured":"van den Kieboom CH, Ahout IML, Zomer A, et al. Nasopharyngeal gene expression, a novel approach to study the course of respiratory syncytial virus infection. Eur Respir J 2015; 45: 718\u2013725.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-016-0390-5","article-title":"Distinct immune responses and virus shedding in pigs following aerosol, intra-nasal and contact infection with pandemic swine influenza A virus, A(H1N1)09","volume":"47","author":"Hemmink JD","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hemmink JD, Morgan SB, Aramouni M, et al. Distinct immune responses and virus shedding in pigs following aerosol, intra-nasal and contact infection with pandemic swine influenza A virus, A(H1N1)09. Vet Res 2016; 47: 1\u201315.","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201309-1616OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00559-19","article-title":"Innate immune response to influenza virus at single-cell resolution in human epithelial cells revealed paracrine induction of interferon lambda 1","volume":"93","author":"Ramos I","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ramos I, Smith G, Ruf-zamojski F, et al. Innate immune response to influenza virus at single-cell resolution in human epithelial cells revealed paracrine induction of interferon lambda 1. J Virol 2019; 93: e00559\u201319.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mechanical control of innate immune responses against viral infection revealed in a human lung alveolus chip","volume":"13","author":"Bai H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bai H, Si L, Jiang A, et al. Mechanical control of innate immune responses against viral infection revealed in a human lung alveolus chip. Nat Commun 2022; 13: 1\u201317.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002234"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00276-16","article-title":"Alveolar type II epithelial cells contribute to the anti-influenza A virus response in the lung by integrating pathogen-and microenvironment-derived signals","volume":"7","author":"Stegemann-Koniszewski S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stegemann-Koniszewski S, Jeron A, Gereke M, et al. Alveolar type II epithelial cells contribute to the anti-influenza A virus response in the lung by integrating pathogen-and microenvironment-derived signals. MBio 2016; 7: e00276\u201316.","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1132998","article-title":"RIG-I-Mediated antiviral responses to single- stranded RNA bearing 5\u2019-phosphates","volume":"314","author":"Pichlmair A","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pichlmair A, Schulz O, Tan CP, et al. RIG-I-Mediated antiviral responses to single- stranded RNA bearing 5\u2019-phosphates. Science (80-) 2006; 314: 997\u20131001.","journal-title":"Science (80-)"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138704","article-title":"Differential induction of type I and type III interferons by swine and human origin H1N1 influenza A viruses in porcine airway epithelial cells","volume":"10","author":"Krishna VD","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krishna VD, Roach E, Zaidman NA, et al. Differential induction of type I and type III interferons by swine and human origin H1N1 influenza A viruses in porcine airway epithelial cells. PLoS One 2015; 10: 1\u201320.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1206552109"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2011-0405OC","article-title":"Influenza A induces the Major secreted airway mucin MUC5AC in a protease-EGFR-extracellular regulated kinase-Sp1-dependent pathway","volume":"47","author":"Barbier D","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barbier D, Garcia-Verdugo I, Pothlichet J, et al. Influenza A induces the Major secreted airway mucin MUC5AC in a protease-EGFR-extracellular regulated kinase-Sp1-dependent pathway. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47: 149\u2013157.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_59_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Upregulation of cell-surface mucin MUC15 in human nasal epithelial cells upon influenza A virus infection","volume":"19","author":"Chen ZG","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen ZG, Wang ZN, Yan Y, et al. Upregulation of cell-surface mucin MUC15 in human nasal epithelial cells upon influenza A virus infection. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19: 1\u201311.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12643","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01055-22","article-title":"Membrane-tethered mucin 1 is stimulated by interferon and virus infection in multiple cell types and inhibits influenza A virus infection in human airway epithelium","volume":"13","author":"Iverson E","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iverson E, Griswold K, Song D, et al. Membrane-tethered mucin 1 is stimulated by interferon and virus infection in multiple cell types and inhibits influenza A virus infection in human airway epithelium. MBio 2022; 13: 12643\u201312650.","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102180","article-title":"Pin-Pointing the key hubs in the IFN-\u03b3 pathway responding to SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"14","author":"Toro A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Toro A, Lage-Vickers S, Bizzotto J, et al. Pin-Pointing the key hubs in the IFN-\u03b3 pathway responding to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Viruses 2022; 14: 2180.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12108","article-title":"The NF-kB inhibitor SC75741 efficiently blocks influenza virus propagation and confers a high barrier for development of viral resistance","volume":"15","author":"Ehrhardt C","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ehrhardt C, R\u00fcckle A, Hrincius ER, et al. The NF-kB inhibitor SC75741 efficiently blocks influenza virus propagation and confers a high barrier for development of viral resistance. Cell Microbiol 2013; 15: 1198\u20131211.","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.00902.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2011.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9880","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00909-08","article-title":"NF-kB Signaling differentially regulates influenza virus RNA synthesis","volume":"82","author":"Kumar N","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kumar N, Xin Z, Liang Y, et al. NF-kB Signaling differentially regulates influenza virus RNA synthesis. J Virol 2008; 82: 9880\u20139889.","journal-title":"J Virol"}],"container-title":["Innate Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17534259251331385","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17534259251331385","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17534259251331385","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:59:45Z","timestamp":1777460385000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17534259251331385"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17534259251331385"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17534259251331385","relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-4259","1753-4267"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-4259","type":"print"},{"value":"1753-4267","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"article-number":"17534259251331385"}}