{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T14:07:22Z","timestamp":1777730842899,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"TERUMO LIFE SCIENCE FOUNDATION","award":["23-\u21625005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-\u21625005"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21H3038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H3038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Innate Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Repeated injections of low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS preconditioning) augment the antibacterial activity of liver macrophages. In this study, a mouse model of acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacteremia was used to investigate the effects of LPS preconditioning on renal macrophages.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eight-week-old C57BL\/6J mice were preconditioned with either low-dose LPS (5\u2005\u03bcg\/kg) or the vehicle for three consecutive days. Kidney immune cells were isolated, and the antibacterial activity of renal macrophages was assessed by pHrodo\n                      <jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>\n                      -labeled\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Twenty-four hours after the last LPS injection, the mice were intravenously challenged with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (2\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2005CFU) and their renal function was evaluated to identify the changes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mouse renal macrophages exhibited a weak antibacterial activity against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      compared with the liver and spleen macrophages. LPS preconditioning elevated the count of F4\/80\n                      <jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD11b\n                      <jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>\n                      bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and augmented their antibacterial activities in the mouse kidney. It also enhanced the antibacterial activity of F4\/80\n                      <jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD11b\n                      <jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>\n                      tissue-resident macrophages (TRM) without altering their abundance. LPS preconditioning lowered the bacterial propagation in the kidney in the challenged mice and ameliorated sepsis-associated AKI compared with the control. LPS preconditioning upregulated the CD80\/CD206 expression (M1\/M2) ratio in BMDMs in the kidney before bacterial challenge and reduced their M1\/M2 ratio following\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      challenge compared with the control.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      LPS preconditioning enhanced the antibacterial activity of the renal macrophages against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and suppressed the excessive activation of M1 macrophages following\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      challenge, resulting in the amelioration of AKI caused by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacteremia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17534259251335770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T02:33:17Z","timestamp":1750818797000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning augments the antibacterial activity of renal macrophages and ameliorates acute kidney injury caused by\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    bacteremia in mice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5635-9800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keiko","family":"Tanoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Defense Medical College"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Defense Medical College"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradley M","family":"Kearney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Defense Medical College"},{"name":"Office of the Command Surgeon, U.S. Army Japan Engineer and Scientist Exchange Program, Camp Zama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seigo","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Defense Medical College"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyasu","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Defense Medical College"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aoi","family":"Yamashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Defense Medical College"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsugumi","family":"Fukunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Defense Medical 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